DAILY CURRENT AFFAIRS - 10 AUGUST 2019- 10 MOST IMPORTANT TOPICS FROM THE HINDU

IMPORTANT TOPICS FOR TODAY 

                         http://dailycurrentaffairs-sumit.blogspot.com
                                             
BY SUMIT BHARDWAJ                                           10th August 2019

1.President Kovind gives assent to Jammu and Kashmir bifurcation, two UTs to come into existence on October 31             (GS-2)

• CONTEXT:President Ram Nath Kovind on Friday gave assent to a legislation for bifurcation of Jammu and Kashmir, and two Union Territories - Jammu and Kashmir, and Ladakh - will come into existence on October 31.
• October 31 happens to be the birth anniversary of the country’s first Home Minister, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel, who was instrumental in the merger of about 565 princely States into the Union of India following Independence.
• The President has given assent to the Jammu and Kashmir Reorganisation Act, 2019, a home ministry official said.
• Jammu and Kashmir Reorganisation Act, 2019:
• The Jammu and Kashmir Reorganisation Act, 2019, is an act of the Parliament of India. It contains provisions to reorganise the State of Jammu and Kashmir into two union territories, one to be called Jammu and Kashmir, and the other Ladakh on 31 October 2019.
• A bill for the act was introduced by the Indian Home minister Amit Shah in the upper house of the Indian Parliament, Rajya Sabha, on 5 August 2019. The Bill was passed in Rajya Sabha on 5 August 2019 and passed in Lok Sabha on 6 August 2019 and assented to by the President of India on 9 August 2019.
• The introduction of the Bill was preceded by a Presidential Order under Article 370 of the Indian constitution declaring, inter alia, that all the provisions of the Indian Constitution would be applicable to Jammu and Kashmir. This enabled the Indian Parliament to enact legislation that would rearrange the State's organisation.
• Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel:
• Vallabhbhai Patel was a political and social leader who played a major role in the country's struggle for independence and subsequently guided its integration into a united, independent nation.
• Women of Bardoli bestowed the title Sardar to Vallebhai Patel, which in Gujarati and most Indian languages means Chief or Leader.
• Vallabhbhai Patel was inspired by the work and philosophy of Mahatma Gandhi. Patel subsequently organised the peasants of Kheda, Borsad, and Bardoli in Gujarat in a non-violent civil disobedience movement against oppressive policies imposed by the British Raj.
• He rose to the leadership of the Indian National Congress and was at the forefront of rebellions and political events, organising the party for elections in 1934 and 1937, and promoting the Quit India movement.
• As the first Home Minister and Deputy Prime Minister of India, Patel organised relief for refugees in Punjab and Delhi, and led efforts to restore peace across the nation.
• Patel took charge of the task to forge a united India from over 560 semi-autonomous princely states and British-era colonial provinces. Using frank diplomacy backed with the option (and the use) of military action, Patel's leadership enabled the accession of almost every princely state.
• Hailed as the Iron Man of India, he is also remembered as the "Patron Saint" of India's civil servants for establishing modern all-India services.
• Patel was also one of the earliest proponents of property rights and free enterprise in India.

2.President Kovind gives assent to UAPA Bill(GS-2,3)

• CONTEXT:President Ram Nath Kovind has given assent to legislation under which individuals can be declared terrorists and their properties seized.
• The Unlawful Activities (Prevention) Amendment Act, 2019 also provides for putting a travel ban on such individuals once they are declared terrorists.
• The President gave his assent to the legislation late on Thursday night, a Home Ministry official said. The Lok Sabha passed the amendment Bill on July 24 and the Rajya Sabha on August 2.
• The Unlawful Activities (Prevention) Amendment Act, 2019 :
• Key Features of the Bill:
• It empowers the government to designate individuals as terrorists if the person commits or participates in acts of terrorism, prepares for terrorism, promotes terrorism or is otherwise involved in terrorism.
• This has been done as it is seen that when a terrorist organization is banned, its members form a new organization to spread terrorism.
• The bill also empowers the Director-General, National Investigation Agency (NIA) to grant approval of seizure or attachment of property when the case is being investigated by the agency.
• Under the existing Act, the investigating officer is required to obtain the prior approval of the Director General of Police (DGP) to seize properties that bear any connection to terrorism.
• It has been seen that many times a terror accused own properties in different states. In such cases, seeking approval of DGPs of different states becomes very difficult, and the delay caused by the same may enable the accused to transfer properties.
• It empowers the officers of the NIA — of the rank of Inspector or above, to investigate cases. 
• The existing Act provides for investigation of cases to be conducted by officers of the rank of Deputy Superintendent or Assistant Commissioner of Police or above.
• No changes being made in arrest or bail provisions. Also, the provision that the burden of proof is on the investigating agency and not on the accused, has not been changed.
• The International Convention for Suppression of Acts of Nuclear Terrorism (2005) has also been added in the Second Schedule through the Amendment.
• The Unlawful Activities (Prevention) Act, 1967
• The UAPA, an upgrade on the Terrorist and Disruptive Activities (Prevention) Act TADA (lapsed in 1995) and the Prevention of Terrorism Act - POTA (repealed in 2004) was originally passed in the year 1967.
• Till the year 2004, “unlawful" activities referred to actions related to secession and cession of territory. Following the 2004 amendment, “terrorist act" was added to the list of offences.
• The Act assigns absolute power to the central government, by way of which if the Centre deems an activity as unlawful then it may, by way of an Official Gazette, declare it so.
• According to statistics published by the National Crime Records Bureau (NCRB), 922 cases were reported under UAPA in 2016, which was 5% less than what was recorded in 2014, with 976 cases. At the same time, it was up by 3% from 2015 (897 cases). In total, 2,700 cases were registered over 2014, 2015 and 2016.

3.China opposes unilateral action in Jammu and Kashmir     (GS-2)

• CONTEXT: Chinese State Councilor and Foreign Minister Wang Yi, following talks with his counterpart from Pakistan, Shah Mahmood Qureshi, said that ‘China will stand up for justice on the Kashmir issue’
• China on Friday backed the resolution of the Kashmir issue on the basis of the UN Security Council resolutions as well bilateral agreements between India and Pakistan — a veiled reference to the Shimla accord of 1972.
• Chinese State Councilor and Foreign Minister Wang Yi, following talks with his counterpart from Pakistan, Shah Mahmood Qureshi, who had arrived on an “urgent” visit to Beijing in the wake of change of status of the State of Jammu and Kashmir, said that “China will stand up for justice on the Kashmir issue.”
• Mr. Wang said that China is “seriously concerned” about the recent escalation of tensions in Kashmir.
• “The Kashmir issue is a dispute left from colonial history. It should be properly and peacefully resolved based on the UN charter, relevant UN Security Council resolutions and bilateral agreements,” he said.

• UN Security Council resolutions :
• A United Nations Security Council resolution is a UN resolution adopted by the fifteen members of the Security Council; the UN body charged with "primary responsibility for the maintenance of international peace and security".

• The UN Charter specifies (in Article 27) that a draft resolution on non-procedural matters is adopted if nine or more of the fifteen Council members vote for the resolution, and if it is not vetoed by any of the five permanent members. Draft resolutions on "procedural matters" can be adopted on the basis of an affirmative vote by any nine Council members.
• The five permanent members are the People's Republic of China (which replaced the Republic of China in 1971), France, Russia (which replaced the defunct Soviet Union in 1991), the United Kingdom, and the United States.(UN Security Council )

• Shimla accord of 1972:
• The Simla Agreement, or Shimla Agreement, was signed between India and Pakistan on 2 July 1972 in Shimla, the capital city of the Indian state of Himachal Pradesh. It followed from the Bangladesh Liberation war in 1971 that led to the independence of Bangladesh, which was earlier known as East Pakistan and was part of the territory of Pakistan. India entered the war as an ally of Bangladesh which transformed the war into an Indo-Pakistani War of 1971. The agreement was ratified by the Parliaments of both the nations in same year.
• The agreement was the result of resolve of both the countries to "put an end to the conflict and confrontation that have hitherto marred their relations". It conceived the steps to be taken for further normalisation of mutual relations and it also laid down the principles that should govern their future relations

4.Narendra Modi to visit Bhutan on Aug 17 and 18             (GS-1,2)

• CONTEXT: The Indian Prime Minister will be addressing the students of Royal University of Bhutan
• Prime Minister Narendra Modi will travel to Bhutan on August 17 for a two-day visit during which the two strategic allies will explore ways to further strengthen and diversify bilateral partnership, the Ministry of External Affairs said on Friday.
• During the visit, Mr. Modi will hold talks with his Bhutanese counterpart Lotay Tshering and is expected to get an audience with King of Bhutan Jigme Khesar Namgyel Wangchuck.
• Mr. Modi will be inaugurating the Mangdechhu hydropower project built on the Mangdechhu River in Trongsa Dzongkhag District of central Bhutan.
• Mr. Modi will be addressing the students of Royal University of Bhutan. India will also be launching RuPay cards in Bhutan.
• India has pledged RS5,000 crore for 12th five-year plan of Bhutan. First tranche of the amount has been released.
• Bhutan has been a strategic ally of India and bilateral ties between the two countries have been on an upswing in the last few years.
• External Affairs Minister S Jaishankar visited the Himalayan nation in June in his first overseas trip after assuming charge of the ministry

• ALSO WHY WAS BHUTAN IN THE NEWS RECENTLY:
• Bhutan has recently announced a policy wherein Bhutan’s teachers, doctors and other medical staff will earn more than civil servants of corresponding grades.
• The new salary scales will benefit about 13,000 teachers and doctors. This is a novel move.
• The policy’s tonal reference is to be found in Bhutan’s 12th Five Year Plan (2018-23), published by its Gross National Happiness Commission, the country’s highest policy-making body.
• These words are highlighted in  OECD’s ‘Education at a Glance 2018’ report: “The quality of education can be a strong predictor of a country’s economic prosperity.
• ALSO……………..
• Bhutan already spends about 7.5% of its GDP on education. The fiscal implications of the new salary structure are unclear now.
• Generally, teachers constitute a considerable portion of government employees. Therefore, in India, centre and state governments looking to emulate Bhutan’s lead will inevitably be asked questions about the financial viability of such a momentous administrative decision.
• For instance, the Minister concerned in Tamil Nadu, one of India’s better performing States on educational indices, turned down demands of striking teachers for better pension explaining that wages, pensions, administrative costs and interest repayments already amounted to 71% of the State’s expenditure. They asserted it leaves little for other developmental programmes.

5. SC upholds amendments to Insolvency oand Bankruptcy Code (IBC)       (GS-2)

• CONTEXT:The Supreme Court on August 9 upheld amendments to the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code (IBC), giving status of financial creditors to homebuyers.
• A bench headed by Justice R.F. Nariman, which disposed of a batch of over 180 petitions filed by various builders, said the Real Estate Regulatory Authority (RERA) act which regulates the real estate sector should be read harmoniously with the amendments made in the IBC and in case of conflict the code will prevail.
• Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code (Amendment) ACT 2019 
• The Lok Sabha on August 01, 2019 passed the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code (Amendment) Bill 2019 and the same was cleared by the Rajya Sabha on July 29, 2019. By way of this amendment, the Central Government seeks to bring a clarity regarding the preference of Financial Creditors over Operational creditors in the matter of assets distribution of the corporate debtor. The amendment addresses three different issues- 1. It strengthens provisions related to the time limits, 2. It specifies the minimum payout to the Operational Creditors in Resolution Process and 3. It specifies the manner in which representative of a group of financial creditors should vote.
• Under the Code, the Financial creditor may file an application before the National Company Law Tribunal (NCLT) for initiating the insolvency resolution process. After finding the existence of default which is to be done within 14 days, a Committee of Creditors consisting of Financial (CoC) creditors is constituted for taking decisions regarding insolvency resolution. The CoC will appoint a resolution professional who will present a resolution plan to the CoC. The CoC must approve a resolution plan, and the resolution process must be completed within 180 days. The period can be extended by a period of up to 90 days if the extension is approved by NCLT. If a resolution plan is rejected by the CoC, the debtor will go into liquidation. The code provides an Order of priority for the distribution of assets in case of liquidation of the debtor. By way of a 2018 amendment, home-buyers who paid advances to a developers were to be considered as financial creditors. They are represented by an insolvency professional appointed by the NCLT.

6.Taking on the mob: On Rajasthan law against mob lynching         (GS-1,2,3)

• CONTEXT:IN THIS EDITORIAL THE WRITER IS IN THE VIEWPOINT THAT Rajasthan’s laws on lynching, ‘honour killing’ are inevitable responses to rising hate crimes….ALSO..
• The passage of the Protection from Lynching Bill, 2019, makes Rajasthan the second State, after Manipur, to implement the suggestion.
• Protection from Lynching Bill, 2019:(RAJASTHAN):
• MOB  LYNCHING:SOCIETAL ISSUE:
• Key features :
• Definitions:
• “Mob”– a group of two or more individuals.
• “Lynching“- “an act or series of acts of violence or those of aiding, abetting or attempting an act of violence, whether spontaneous or preplanned, by a mob on the grounds of religion, race, caste, sex, place of birth, language, dietary practices, sexual orientation, political affiliation or ethnicity”.
• Punishment:
• For the offence of an assault by mob, leading to the victim suffering grievous hurts, the Bill provides for jail terms up to 10 years and a fine of Rs. 25,000 to Rs. 3 lakh.
• In cases of the victims suffering simple injuries, the Bill proposes imprisonment up to seven years and a fine up to Rs. 1 lakh.
• For hatching a conspiracy of lynching or aiding, abetting or attempting such an offence, the Bill seeks to punish the offenders in the same manner as if he actually committed the offence of lynching.
• Prevention:
• The Bill empowers the state police chief to appoint a state coordinator of the rank of inspector general of police to prevent the incidents of lynching in the state with the district superintendents of police acting as the district’s coordinator, to be assisted by a deputy superintendents of police, for taking measures to prevent incidents of mob violence and lynching.
• Coverage:
• The Bill also enlists various other offences related to the lynching such as dissemination of offensive materials, propagation of hostile environment and obstructing legal processes, which would be punishable with jail terms varying from three to five years.
• Compensation and rehabilitation:
• The Bill also stipulates the provision of compensation to victims by the state government as per the Rajasthan Victim Compensation Scheme.
• It also binds the state government to take necessary measures to rehabilitate the victims of mob lynching, suffering displacements from their native places.
• Need:
• While the Indian Penal Code and the Criminal Procedure Code have provisions to deal with the cases of mob lynching incidents, they are not adequate. Accordingly, the government has brought the Bill to provide for stricter punishment to curb such incidents.
• After 2014, 86% cases of mob lynching reported in the country happened in Rajasthan.
• Legislation fixes command responsibility for communal incidents. It recognises that targeted communal violence disproportionately victimises minorities and it creates a mechanism to insulate investigations of communal violence from political interference.
• SC guidelines:
• There shall be a “separate offence” for lynching and the trial courts must ordinarily award maximum sentence upon conviction of the accused person to set a stern example in cases of mob violence.
• The state governments will have to designate a senior police officer in each district for taking measures to prevent incidents of mob violence and lynching.
• The state governments need to identify districts, sub-divisions and villageswhere instances of lynching and mob violence have been reported in the recent past.
• The nodal officersshall bring to the notice of the DGP about any inter-district co-ordination issues for devising a strategy to tackle lynching and mob violence related issues.
• Every police officer shall ensure to disperse the mob that has a tendency to cause violence in the disguise of vigilantism or otherwise.
• Central and the state governments shall broadcast on radio, television and other media platformsabout the serious consequences of mob lynching and mob violence.
• Despite the measures taken by the State Police, if it comes to the notice of the local police that an incident of lynching or mob violence has taken place, the jurisdictional police station shall immediately lodge an FIR.
• The State Governments shall prepare a lynching/mob violence victim compensation schemein the light of the provisions of Section 357A of CrPC within one month from the date of this judgment.
• If a police officer or an officer of the district administration fails to fulfill his duty, it will be considered an act of deliberate negligence.

7.Despite heavy rain in pockets, country’s monsoon figures below average   (GS-1,3)

• CONTEXT: Heavy rainfall continues to batter India's west coast — Gujarat, Maharashtra, Kerala, Goa and parts of Tamil Nadu have received huge amounts of rain in the past week. The Avalanche region in the Nilgiris on Thursday set a record for the highest amount of rainfall received in a 24-hour period.
• An analysis of IMD data for the past five years shows that several areas received an 'Excess' (20-59% more rainfall than normal) or 'Large Excess' (60% or more rainfall than normal) in the same or similar period -- June to the end of August first week. As can be seen in the chart below, Madhya Maharashtra division received 65% more rainfall than average.
• Nilgiris :
• The Nilgiris District is in the southern Indian state of Tamil Nadu. Nilgiri (English: Blue Mountains) is the name given to a range of mountains spread across the borders among the states of Tamil Nadu, Karnataka and Kerala. The Nilgiri Hills are part of a larger mountain chain known as the Western Ghats. Their highest point is the mountain of Doddabetta, height 2,637 m. The small district is contained mainly within this mountain range; the administrative headquarters is located at Ooty (Ootacamund or Udhagamandalam).
• Nilgiris District ranked first in a comprehensive Economic Environment index ranking districts in Tamil Nadu (not including Chennai) prepared by the Institute for Financial Management and Research in August 2009.[2] Tea and coffee plantations have been important to its economy. As of 2011, the Nilgiris district had a population of 735,394, with a sex-ratio of 1,042 females for every 1,000 males.

• IMD:
• The India Meteorological Department (IMD) is an agency of the Ministry of Earth Sciences of the Government of India. It is the principal agency responsible for meteorological observations, weather forecasting and seismology. IMD is headquartered in Delhi and operates hundreds of observation stations across India and Antarctica.Regional offices are at Mumbai, Kolkata, Nagpur and Pune.
• IMD is also one of the six Regional Specialised Meteorological Centres of the World Meteorological Organization. It has the responsibility for forecasting, naming and distribution of warnings for tropical cyclones in the Northern Indian Ocean region, including the Malacca Straits, the Bay of Bengal, the Arabian Sea and the Persian Gulf.
• UNDERSTANDING LONG PERIOD AVERAGE:
• India Meteorological Department (IMD), the government’s principal agency for weather forecasting and rainfall monitoring, brought smiles and cheers to farmers, government officials and consumers last week. It forecast that the country would receive normal rainfall during the coming south-west monsoon season (June to September 2018), with a low probability of deficient rainfall. IMD brands the monsoon as ‘normal’ or ‘deficient’ based on how it fares against its benchmark Long Period Average (LPA).
• What is it?
• LPA is the average rainfall received by the country as a whole during the south-west monsoon, for a 50-year period. The current LPA is 89 cm, based on the average rainfall over years 1951 and 2000. This acts as a benchmark against which the rainfall in any monsoon season is measured. The country is said to have received deficient rainfall if the actual rainfall falls below 90 per cent of LPA. Similarly, the country is said to have received excess rainfall if the rainfall is greater than 110 per cent of LPA. It is deemed ‘normal’ when the actual rainfall received falls between 96 and 104 per cent of LPA.
• In 2018, the IMD expects the rainfall to be at 97 per cent of LPA. The IMD also budgets for a ‘model error’ of plus or minus 5 per cent from its forecasts.
• IMD’s rainfall data is based on actual rainfall recorded in 2,412 locations, across its 3,500 rain-gauge stations. Based on daily rainfall data received in these stations, monsoon statistics are prepared for the administrative zones such as districts, States and for the whole country. The statistics is compiled for the 36 meteorological subdivisions and for the four broad regions — South peninsula, North West India, Central India and North and North-East India — before being aggregated for the whole country.
• Why is it important?
• The LPA uses a 50-year average because annual rainfall can be highly variable, thanks to the whimsical rain gods. A 50-year average is expected to smooth out the day-to-day, month-to-month variations, while also accounting for freak weather events like the El Nino and La Nina.
• Once in every three or four years, Indian monsoons have witnessed aberrations such as severe drought, flooding and storms owing to El Nino — the abnormal warming of waters in the Pacific Ocean. You can also know if IMD has got its prediction right with the help of LPA. For instance, IMD forecast normal rainfall for the year 2013 but the actual rainfall received was 106 per cent of LPA, which is above normal rainfall.
• But it is important to understand that a ‘normal’ monsoon doesn’t automatically guarantee farm prosperity or rural spending. The actual distribution of those 89 cm of rainfall over India’s key growing regions and over the critical sowing months (called spatial and temporal distribution), plays a key role too.
• Why should I care?
• Whether you’re a city dweller grappling with a drinking water problem or a farmer deciding what and when to sow, the south-west monsoon plays quite a big role in your life. Understanding what’s a ‘normal’ monsoon by IMD’s norms and what’s a ‘deficient’ one, can help you prepare for unexpected contingencies.
• It is IMD’s forecast that prompts the Central and State governments to make their pre-monsoon preparation to deal with flooded drains, pot-holed roads or drought-afflicted farms. Similarly, the Centre’s flood alerts and storm warnings are based on expected rainfall in relation to the LPA. Understanding the annual deviations from LPA helps shed light on the extent to which climate change and seasonal aberrations such as El Nino are impacting India’s rainfall patterns.

8.Industrial production growth slips to 2% in June                   (GS-3)

• CONTEXT: Industrial production growth dropped to 2% in June, mainly on account of poor show by mining and manufacturing sectors, according to official data released on August 9.
• Factory output, as measured by the Index of Industrial Production (IIP), had expanded by 7% in June 2018.
• There was a slowdown in the manufacturing sector, which grew at 1.2% in June as compared to 6.9% a year ago. The expansion in power generation sector stood at 8.2%, compared to 8.5% earlier.
• Mining growth dropped to 1.6% in June from 6.5% in the corresponding month of the last fiscal.
• Industrial production growth :
• Index of Industrial Production (IIP) is an index which helps us understand the growth of various sectors in the Indian economy such as mining, electricity and manufacturing.
• IIP is a short term indicator of industrial growth till the results from Annual Survey of Industries (ASI) and National Accounts Statistics (Eg: GDP) are available.
• The base year of the index is given a value of 100. The current base year for the IIP series in India is 2011-12. So, if the current IIP reads 180, it means that there has been 80% industrial growth compared to the base year, ie 2011-12.
• Who releases IIP?
• Index of Industrial Production (IIP) is released by the Central Statistics Office (CSO) of the Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation.
• IIP is published monthly, six weeks after the reference month ends.
• IIP Old Series Data: 2004-05
• The current base year for the IIP series in India is 2011-12.  The old series data is given just for reference/comparison.
• IIP data 2004-05 is sourced by 16 agencies!
• IIP is compiled using data received from 16 source agencies viz. Department of Industrial Policy & Promotion (DIPP); Indian Bureau of Mines; Central Electricity Authority; Joint Plant Committee; Ministry of Petroleum & Natural Gas; Office of Textile Commissioner; Department of Chemicals & Petrochemicals; Directorate of Sugar; Department of Fertilizers; Directorate of Vanaspati, Vegetable Oils & Fats; Tea Board; Office of Jute Commissioner; Office of Coal Controller; Railway Board; Office of Salt Commissioner and Coffee Board.
• IIP 2004-05 covers 682 items!
• We have already seen that IIP measures industrial growth. It measures the short term changes in the volume of production of a basket of industrial products. The current IIP basket covers 682 representative items.
• Mining (61 items) – 14.16% weight
• Manufacturing (620 items) – 75.53% weight
• Electricity (1 item) – 10.32% weight.
• Note: Even though United Nations Statistics Division suggests to also include Gas steam, Air conditioning supply, Water supply, Sewerage, Waste Management and Remediation activities in the IIP, due to data constraints Indian IIP only covers three sectors – mining, manufacturing and electricity. These three are called broad sectors.
• IIP also gives us an idea about use-based sectors – another classification. User-based sectors include Basic Goods, Capital Goods and Intermediate Goods.
• Weighted arithmetic mean of quantity relatives with weights being allotted to various items in proportion to value added by manufacture in the base year by using Laspeyres’ formula.
• Core Industries and IIP 2004:
• Coal, Crude Oil, Natural Gas, Refinery Product, Steel, Cement and Electricity are known as Core Industries. The eight Core Industries comprise nearly 37.9 % of the weight of items included in the Index of Industrial Production (IIP). The 8 core industries are their relative weight in IIP is as below:
• Coal (weight: 4.38 %).
• Crude Oil (weight: 5.22 %).
• Natural Gas (weight: 1.71 %).
• Refinery Products (weight: 5.94%).
• Fertilizers (weight: 1.25%).
• Steel (weight: 6.68%).
• Cement (weight: 2.41%).
• Electricity (weight: 10.32%)
• Annual Survey of Industries (ASI) Vs Index of Industrial Production (IIP)
• The Industrial Output data is captured and monitored, primarily, through two statistical activities – Annual Survey of Industries (ASI) and Index of Industrial Production (IIP).
• ASI
• ASI is calculated on an annual basis
• The ASI is conducted under the Collection of Statistics Act, since 1959.
• The objective is to obtain comprehensive and detailed statistics of industrial sector with the objective of estimating the contribution of registered manufacturing industries as a whole to the national income.
• ASI data is based on the actual book of accounts and other documents maintained by registered factories.
• IIP
• IIP is calculated on a monthly basis.
• Data for IIP are collected by various source agencies under different Acts/statutes.
• The IIP is compiled on the basis of data sourced from 16 ministries/ administrative departments.
• Industry vs Manufacturing
• Though often interchangeably used, the terms industry and manufacturing are different.
• The term industry is comprehensive and may be considered as a superset of manufacturing. Industry, in general, refers to an economic activity that is concerned with the production of goods, extraction of minerals and sometimes even for the provision of services. Thus we have iron and steel industry (production of goods), coal mining industry (extraction of coal) and tourism industry (service provider).
• So what is manufacturing then?
• Manufacturing: Production of goods in large quantities after processing from raw materials to more valuable products is called manufacturing.
• Industry = Manufacturing + Mining + Electricity + much more.
• Share of Industrial Sector in the total GDP of India
• The total Industrial sector has only around 27 percent share in the total GDP of India. Over the last two decades, the share of the manufacturing sector has stagnated at 17 per cent of GDP – out of a total of 27 per cent for the industry which includes 10 per cent for mining, quarrying, electricity and gas.
• The share of Manufacturing in the GDP of India – 17%.
• The share of Mining, quarrying, electricity and gas in the GDP of India – 10%.
• Total share of Industrial Sector = 27%
• Steps to boost manufacturing
• National Manufacturing Competitiveness Council (NMCC): The National Manufacturing Competitiveness Council (NMCC) has been set up by the Government to provide a continuing forum for policy dialogue to energise and sustain the growth of manufacturing industries in India.
• Make in India Initiative.
• National Investment and Manufacturing Zones (NIMZs).
• Delhi-Mumbai Industrial Corridor (DMIC).

• 9.Every child to get Rotavirus vaccine by September      (GS-2)

• It is one of the most common causes of severe diarrhoea in children less than 2 years of age
• “The Health Ministry has drawn an ambitious plan under the 100 days agenda of the newly elected government, wherein it has been decided to provide Rotavirus vaccine to every child across all States and Union Territories by September, 2019,” Union Health Minister Harsh Vardhan said on Friday.
• He said diarrhoea was one of the biggest killers in children and Rotavirus was one of the most common causes of severe diarrhoea in children less than 2 years of age.
• “Rotavirus vaccine along with proper sanitation, hand washing practices, ORS and zinc supplementation will go a long way in reducing the mortality and morbidity due to diarrhoea in children,” the Minister said. The government was also committed to increasing the full immunisation coverage and ensuring that the benefit of the life-saving vaccines was provided to every child.
• Rotavirus vaccine :
• Rotavirus vaccine is a vaccine used to protect against rotavirus infections, which are the leading cause of severe diarrhea among young children.The vaccines prevent 15–34% of severe diarrhea in the developing world and 37–96% of severe diarrhea in the developed world.The vaccines decrease the risk of death among young children due to diarrhea. Immunizing babies decreases rates of disease among older people and those who have not been immunized.
• The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends that rotavirus vaccine be included in national routine vaccinations programs, especially in areas where the disease is common.This should be done along with promoting breastfeeding, handwashing, clean water, and good sanitation. It is given by mouth and requires two or three doses.It should be given starting around six weeks of age.

10.IIT Hyderabad, Harvard researchers find climate change and overfishing could be increasing mercury buildup in fish

(GS-1,3)

• CONTEXT: Researchers from IIT Hyderabad and Harvard University conducted a study at Gulf of Maine in Atlantic Ocean and used three decades of data to find that climate change and overfishing by humans could lead to an increase in mercury accumulation in fish.
• The research, published this month in the international peer review journal Nature, broadly studied how climate change impacts mercury accumulation in fish. The variations in the accumulation of mercury in fish is the result of changes in sea temperature in the recent years and changes in the dietary pattern of fish due to overfishing.
• Gulf of Maine :
• The Gulf of Maine is a large gulf of the Atlantic Ocean on the east coast of North America. It is bounded by Cape Cod at the eastern tip of Massachusetts in the southwest and by Cape Sable Island at the southern tip of Nova Scotia in the northeast.
• Atlantic Ocean :
• The Atlantic Ocean is the second largest of the world's oceans, with an area of about 106,460,000 square kilometers. It covers approximately 20 percent of the Earth's surface and about 29 percent of its water surface area. It separates the "Old World" from the "New World"

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