DAILY CURRENT AFFAIRS - 9 AUGUST 2019- 10 MOST IMPORTANT TOPICS FROM THE HINDU

           IMPORTANT TOPICS FOR TODAY 

                                             http://dailycurrentaffairs-sumit.blogspot.com
                                             
BY SUMIT BHARDWAJ                          9th August 2019


1.Statehood for Jammu & Kashmir will be restored, says Prime Minister Modi   (GS-2)

  • Context:Two days after both Houses of Parliament cleared the reading down of Article 370 and the reorganisation of the State of Jammu and Kashmir into two separate Union Territories, Prime Minister Narendra Modi, in a televised address to the nation on Thursday said it was a historic move and a new beginning for Jammu and Kashmir as well as Ladakh. He also unveiled measures that would follow this change.
  • Calling for 130 crore Indians to consider the trials and triumphs of the people of Jammu and Kashmir and Ladakh as their own, Mr Modi said some of the restrictions could be eased by Id next week.
  • He assured people that jobs through public sector units and private sector would also make their way to the two Union Territories. He called for investors, film industry in particular to generate business in the State, delineating tourism, horticulture and handicrafts as the mainstay of the economy there. 
  • Jammu and Kashmir Reorganisation Bill, 2019:
  • The Jammu and Kashmir Reorganisation Bill, 2019, was introduced by the Indian Home minister Amit Shah in the upper house of the Indian Parliament, Rajya Sabha, on 5 August 2019. The Bill was passed in Rajya Sabha on 5 August 2019 and passed in Lok Sabha on 6 August 2019.The Bill proposes to reorganise the State of Jammu and Kashmir into two Union Territories, one to be called Jammu and Kashmir, and the other Ladakh.
  • The introduction of the Bill was preceded by a Presidential Order under Article 370 of the Indian constitution declaring, inter alia, that all the provisions of the Indian Constitution would be applicable to Jammu and Kashmir. This enabled the Indian Parliament to enact legislation that would rearrange the State's organization


2.Samjhauta Express not suspended: Railways

(GS-2)
Samjhauta Express

  • Context: A senior Railways official said on Thursday that the Lahore Attari Samjhauta Express train service had not been suspended. The clarification followed Pakistan’s decision to stop the train from Lahore to Attari at Wagah in Pakistan, citing security concerns, leaving 110 passengers, including 48 Pakistanis, stranded.
  • Samjhauta Express :
  • The Samjhauta Express is a bi-weekly train running between India and Pakistan. 
  • Route: The train runs from Delhi to Attari on the Indian side and from Lahore to Wagah on the Pakistan side. 
  • Background: The train was started in 1976 following the Shimla Agreement. 
  • Nomenclature: The Samjhauta Express is commonly called the Friendship Express. The word Samjhauta means "agreement", "accord" and "compromise" in both Hindi and Urdu. 
  • Do you know? Until the reopening of the Thar Express, this was the only rail connection between the two countries. 


3.Former President Pranab Mukherjee awarded Bharat Ratna       (GS-2)

  • Pranab Mukherjee, India's 13th President, was honoured with the Bharat Ratna on Thursday evening at the Rashtrapati Bhavan. Social activist Nanaji Deshmukh - one of the founding members of Bharatiya Jan Sangh - and noted Assamese singer Bhupen Hazarika too were awarded Bharat Ratna, posthumously.
  • Mukherjee was presented with the award by President Ram Nath Kovind amid rapturous applause from those present for the ceremony. He had been selected for Bharat Ratna - India's highest civilian award - in January of 2019. The announcement had been made in a statement issued by the Rashtrapati Bhavan.
  • Bharat Ratna :
  • BHARAT RATNA
  • Bharat Ratna – ‘Jewel of India’ is the highest civilian award of the country. It is conferred for exceptional Service to the nation in various fields such as Science arts, literature and in recognition of public service of the highest order. The award can be granted posthumously and since its establishment, seven awards were granted posthumously.
  • HISTORY OF BHARAT RATNA
  • The award was established by formal President of India Rajendra Prasad on 2nd January 1954.
  • The concept of awarding this award posthumously was not there in the original statute declared in January 1954.
  • Provision to award posthumously was finally added in January 1966 statute of this prestigious award.
  • First Bharat Ratna was awarded to Sarvapalli Radhakrishnan, Sir C.V. Raman, and Chakravarti Rajagopalachari in 1954.
  • Sachin Tendulkar is the first sportsperson and the youngest Bharat Ratna Award, recipient.
  • THE AWARD
  • The medallion is cast in Bronze.
  • The medallion is designed like the leaf of pipal tree with sunburst in the center and Bharat Ratna is engraved underneath it.
  • On the backside, Indian emblem of India is embossed and Satyameva Jayate is inscribed in Devanagari script.
  • The medallion is worn around the neck using white ribbon.
  • The award does not carry any monetary endowment.
  • WHO ARE ALL ENTITLED TO GET BHARAT RATNA?
  • The award was initially restricted to accomplishments in the literature, science, arts, and public services, but the government of India expanded the conditions to comprise “any field of human endeavor” in 2011.
  • There is no written provision that Bharat Ratna should be awarded to Indian citizens only.
  • Recently Government of India has altered guidelines for eligibility of persons from sports field for the Bharat Ratna.
  • WHO DECIDES?
  • The recommendations for Bharat Ratna are made by the Prime Minister to the President.
  • The number of yearly awards is constrained to a maximum of three in a specific year.
  • CONTROVERSIES
  • In 1992, Subhash Chandra Bose was awarded Bharat Ratna posthumously. As there is no solid evidence of Subhash Chandra Bose’s death his family declined to receive the award.
  • PERSONALITIES WHO RECEIVED BHARAT RATNA
  • Rajendra Prasad, Bhimrao Ambedkar, Jawaharlal Nehru, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel, Morarji Desai Lata Mangeshkar, Ustad Bismillah Khan, Amartya Sen, Jayprakash Narayan, Pandit Ravi Shankar, M S Subbulakshmi, Rajiv Gandhi, and J R D Tata, A P J Abdul Kalam, are among the other recipients of Bharat Ratna.      


4.Telangana government stalls deworming drive for children       (GS-2)

  • CONTEXT: The deworming drive aimed at distribution of Albendazole tablets to around 6.68 lakh children in both Khammam and Bhadradri Kothagudem districts of Telangana as part of the National Deworming Programme (NDP) could not be held as per schedule on Thursday
  • National Deworming Programme (NDP) :
  • Ministry/Department : Ministry of Health & Family Welfare
  • Objective: Get rid of intestinal worms (large multicellular organisms, which when mature can generally be seen with the naked eye. They are also known as Helminths).
  • Mission:
  • Albendazole tablets given as part of scheme
  • Aimed at children in age group of 1-19 years
  • It aims to reach more than 32.2 crore children aged between 1 to 19 years to combat parasitic worm infections.
  • National Deworming Day in India
  • The National Deworming Day is observed on February 10 by the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare and its main objective is to deworm children in the 1 to 19 years’ age group, at schools and anganwadi centres. The Government of India had launched the phase 1 of the National Deworming Day in 2015.
  • In one of the country’s largest single day public health initiative, an estimated 34 crore children will be administered deworming tablets to reduce worm infestation that impacts physical and intellectual growth.
  • The early years of a child are the most critical and significant. Worm infections at this age can cause anaemia, malnourishment, impaired mental and physical development which is a serious threat to child’s health, his ability to learn and overall productivity. According to a study, infected children cannot concentrate on their studies and find it difficult to even manage their daily activities.
  • Albendazole:Albendazole is an anthelmintic (an-thel-MIN-tik) or anti- worm medication. It prevents newly hatched insect larvae (worms) from growing or multiplying in your body. Albendazole is used to treat certain infections caused by worms such as pork tapeworm and dog tapeworm.


5.BrahMos missile to be deployed along coast for maritime security                 (GS-3)

  • CONTEXT:The decision was taken in the first meeting of the Defence Acquisition Council (DAC) after the NDA returend to office.
  • The Defence Acquisition Council (DAC) on Thursday approved the procurement of a Software Defined Radio (SDR) and the Next Generation Maritime Mobile Coastal Batteries (NGMMCB) for the Navy.
  • Defence Minister Rajnath Singh chaired the meeting, the first after the NDA returned to office.
  • “The NGMMCB will be fitted with the BrahMos surface-to-surface supersonic cruise missiles and deployed along the coast,” the Ministry said in a statement.
  • BrahMos missile :
  • The BrahMos (designated PJ-10)is a medium-range ramjet supersonic cruise missile that can be launched from submarine, ships, aircraft, or land. It is the fastest supersonic cruise missile in the world. It is a joint venture between the Russian Federation's NPO Mashinostroyeniya and India's Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) who together have formed BrahMos Aerospace. It is based on the Russian P-800 Oniks cruise missile and other similar sea-skimming Russian cruise missile technology. The name BrahMos is a portmanteau formed from the names of two rivers, the Brahmaputra of India and the Moskva of Russia.
  • It is the world's fastest anti-ship cruise missile in operation The missile travels at speeds of Mach 2.8 to 3.0, which is being upgraded to Mach 5.0. The land-launched and ship-launched versions are already in service, with the air and submarine-launched versions currently in the testing phase.An air-launched variant of BrahMos appeared in 2012. A hypersonic version of the missile, BrahMos-II, is also presently under development with a speed of Mach 7-8 to boost aerial fast strike capability. It is expected to be ready for testing by 2020.
  • India wanted the BrahMos to be based on a mid range cruise missile like the P-700 Granit. Its propulsion is based on the Russian missile, and missile guidance has been developed by BrahMos Aerospace. The missile is expected to reach a total order US$13 billion.
  • In 2016, as India became a member of the Missile Technology Control Regime (MTCR), India and Russia are now planning to jointly develop a new generation of Brahmos missiles with 600 km-plus range and an ability to hit protected targets with pinpoint accuracy. In 2019, India upgraded the missile with a new range of 500 km
  • Defence Acquisition Council (DAC) :
  • An overarching structure, the Defence Acquisition Council (DAC), under the Defence Minister was constituted for overall guidance of the defence procurement planning process.
  • The composition of the DAC is as follows:
  • Defence Minister: Chairman
  • Minister of State for Defence: Member
  • Chief of Army Staff: Member
  • Chief of Naval Staff: Member
  • Chief of Air Staff: Member
  • Defence Secretary: Member
  • Secretary Defence Research & Development: Member
  • Secretary Defence Production: Member
  • Chief of Integrated Staff Committees HQ IDS: Member
  • Director General (Acquisition): Member
  • Dy. Chief of Integrated Defence: Staff Member Secretary
  • The objective of the Defence Acquisition Council is to ensure expeditious procurement of the approved requirements of the Armed Forces in terms of capabilities sought, and time frame prescribed, by optimally utilizing the allocated budgetary resources.
  • The functions of the DAC include:
  • in-principle approval of 15 Year Long-Term Integrated Perspective Plan for Defence Forces;
  • accord of Acceptance of Necessity to acquisition proposals;
  • categorization of the acquisition proposals relating to ‘Buy’, ‘Buy & Make’ and ‘Make’;
  • issues relating to Single vendor clearance;
  • decision regarding ‘offset’ provisions in respect of acquisition proposals above Rs. 300 crores;
  • decisions regarding Transfer of Technology under ‘Buy & Make’ category of acquisition proposals; and
  • Field Trial evaluation

6.Changes in PMLA Act empower ED

(GS-2)
  • CONTEXT:The Centre has issued a notification on certain changes in the Prevention of Money Laundering Act (PMLA), some of which tend to treat money laundering as a stand-alone crime and also expand the ambit of “proceeds of crime” to assets that may have been derived from any other criminal activity related to scheduled offences.
  • Under the Act, the Enforcement Directorate is empowered to conduct money laundering investigation.
  • The most crucial amendments are the deletion of provisos in sub-sections (1) of Section 17 (Search and Seizure) and Section 18 (Search of Persons), doing away with the pre-requisite of an FIR or chargesheet by other agencies that are authorised to probe the offences listed in the PMLA schedule.
  • Another important change is the insertion of an explanation in Section 44. “The jurisdiction of the Special Court, while dealing with the offence under this Act, during investigation, enquiry or trial under this Act, shall not be dependent upon any orders passed in respect of the scheduled offence, and the trial of both sets of offences by the same court shall not be construed as joint trial,” it says.
  • Enforcement Directorate :
  • It is economic intelligence and law enforcement agency responsible for enforcing economic laws and fighting economic crime in India.
  • It functions under aegis of Department of Revenue, Union Ministry of Finance.
  • Its prime objective is enforcement of two key Acts of Government of India namely:
  • Foreign Exchange Management Act 1999 (FEMA) and
  • Prevention of Money Laundering Act 2002 (PMLA)
  • to check money laundering by curb black money and hawala trade cases.
  • It is composed of officers from the Indian Revenue Service, Indian Police Service and the Indian Administrative Service.
  • It was established in 1956 as ‘Enforcement Unit’ in Department of Economic Affairs.
  • It is headquartered in New Delhi.
  • Foreign Exchange Management Act 1999 (FEMA) :
  • Foreign Exchange Management Act (FEMA) – 
  • FEMA is an acronym for the Foreign Exchange Management Act, 1999 and is an act of the Indian parliament. It is the regulation relating to foreign exchange, external trade and payments in the country. It replaced the earlier foreign exchange regulation law known as the FERA (Foreign Exchange Regulation Act). FERA was considered draconian while FEMA is more accommodating and intended to facilitate external trade and payments rather than control it.
  • The FEMA in contrast to its predecessor, makes foreign exchange-related offenses civil offenses instead of criminal. FERA had become unsuited for the government of India’s pro-liberalization policies. FEMA allows the Reserve Bank of India and the union government to pass laws and rules concerned with foreign exchange in line with the country’s foreign trade policy.
  • Prevention of Money Laundering Act 2002 (PMLA):
  • Prevention of Money Laundering Act, 2002 is an Act of the Parliament of India enacted by the NDA government to prevent money-laundering and to provide for confiscation of property derived from money-laundering.PMLA and the Rules notified there under came into force with effect from July 1, 2005. The Act and Rules notified there under impose obligation on banking companies, financial institutions and intermediaries to verify identity of clients, maintain records and furnish information in prescribed form to Financial Intelligence Unit - India (FIU-IND).
  • The act was amended in the year 2005, 2009 and 2012.
  • On 24 Nov 2017, In a ruling in favour of citizens' liberty, the Supreme Court has set aside a clause in the Prevention of Money Laundering Act, which made it virtually impossible for a person convicted to more than three years in jail to get bail if the public prosecutor opposed it. (Section 45 of the PMLA Act, 2002, provides that no person can be granted bail for any offence under the Act unless the public prosecutor, appointed by the government, gets a chance to oppose his bail. And should the public prosecutor choose to oppose bail, the court has to be convinced that the accused was not guilty of the crime and additionally that he/she was not likely to commit any offence while out on bail- a tall order by any count.) (It observed that the provision violates Articles 14 and 21 of the Indian Constitution)


7.China decries U.S. ban on its firms
(GS-2,3)

  • CONTEXT:Federal agencies can’t buy telecom equipment from Chinese companies
  • China on Thursday denounced rules unveiled by the U.S. that ban technology giant Huawei and other Chinese firms from government contracts as “abuse of state power” in the latest move in the escalating China-U.S. trade war.
  • The interim rule, which will preclude any U.S. federal agency from purchasing telecom or technology equipment from the firms, is part of a sweeping effort by Washington to restrict Huawei, which officials claim is linked to Chinese intelligence.
  • Suspicion on Huawei
  • The concerns are over a perceived security risk posed by Huawei to countries it is operating in. For example, as per report in Bloomberg, Vodafone had identified hidden backdoors in the software that could have given Huawei unauthorised access to the carrier’s fixed-line network in Italy.
  • The US government has banned Huawei from the country’s networks and has advised the UK, Australia, New Zealand and Canada to do the same.
  • The US claims that Huawei’s close ties with the Chinese government and its army make it a national security risk.
  • Among other countries, New Zealand and Australia have blocked the use of Huawei’s equipment in the rollout of 5G networks.
  • India’s Stand
  • India is yet to take a decision on whether to permit Huawei in 5G roll-outs.
  • It has, however, not stated explicitly whether it will allow Huawei to participate in the trials as Department of Telecommunications (DoT) awaits a recommendation from the committee examining security risks arising out of Huawei’s presence in 5G networks.
  • Moreover, the Department of Telecommunications itself is believed to be divided.
  • One section believes that the country can't have just two network equipment suppliers and there are risks from European vendors as well. This section believes Huawei should be given an opportunity in the 5G trials which will also allow India to scrutinize the security vulnerabilities if any.
  • The other believes that Chinese vendors are a serious security threat to India, given that those companies are - under Chinese law - duty bound to share information with the government.
  • Huawei Technologies Co. Ltd is even willing to sign a “no back door" pact with the Indian government to assuage potential security concerns.
  • A “back door" is a point of access in a network/equipment that guarantees entry into the network/equipment under exceptional circumstances.
  • In its absence, the equipment supplier would not be able to access the customer’s network without consent.
  • Meanwhile, Huawei Technologies Co. Ltd is looking at clarity from the Indian government following the US blacklist citing security concerns and has come under scrutiny worldwide.


8.The food supply is at dire risk, U.N. experts say         

   (GS-2,3) 

NEWS ARTICLE BY… Christopher Flavelle
The New York Times

  • CONTEXT:The world’s land and water resources are being exploited at “unprecedented rates,” a new United Nations report warns, which, combined with climate change, is putting dire pressure on the ability of humanity to feed itself.
  • The report, prepared by more than 100 experts from 52 countries and released in summary form in Geneva on Thursday, found that the window to address the threat is closing rapidly. A half-billion people already live in places turning into desert, and soil is being lost between 10 and 100 times faster than it is forming, according to the report.
  • Climate change will make those threats even worse, as floods, drought, storms and other types of extreme weather threaten to disrupt, and over time shrink, the global food supply. Already, more than 10% of the world’s population remains undernourished, and some authors of the report warned in interviews that food shortages could lead to an increase in cross-border migration.
  • A particular danger is that food crises could develop on several continents at once, said Cynthia Rosenzweig, a senior research scientist at the NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies and one of the lead authors of the report.
  • The report offered a measure of hope, laying out pathways to addressing the looming food crisis, although they would require a major reevaluation of land use and agriculture worldwide as well as consumer behavior. Proposals include increasing the productivity of land, wasting less food and persuading more people to shift their diets away from cattle and other types of meat.
  • The summary was released Thursday by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, an international group of scientists convened by the United Nations that pulls together a wide range of existing research to help governments understand climate change and make policy decisions. The IPCC has been writing a series of reports, including one last year on the disastrous consequences if the planet’s temperature rises just 1.5 degrees Celsius above its preindustrial levels, as well as an upcoming report on the state of the world’s oceans.
  • IPCC :
  • The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change is a scientific government body under the United Nations set up at the request of the member governments, dedicated to providing the world with an objective, scientific view of climate change and its political and economic impacts on the nations.
  • It was first established in 1988 by two United Nations organizations, the World Meteorological Organization and the United Nations Environment Programme and later endorsed by the United Nations General Assembly. Membership of the IPCC is open to all members of the WMO and the UNEP. The IPCC produces reports that support the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, which is the main international treaty on climate change.
  • The main objective of UNFCCC is to stabilize greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere at a level that would prevent dangerous anthropogenic interference with the climate system. IPCC reports cover the scientific, technical and socio-economic information relevant to understanding the scientific basis of risk of human-induced climate change, its potential impacts and options for adaptation and mitigation.


9.CBDT eases plight of start­ups with pending angel tax cases            (GS-3)

  • CONTEXT:The Central Board of Direct Taxes (CBDT) has issued a clarification instructing its officers that registered companies that have already been selected for verification under the angel tax provision will not be scrutinised and their defence will be accepted summarily
  • Central Board of Direct Taxes (CBDT) :
  • Functions and Organisation
  • The Central Board of Direct Taxes is a statutory authority functioning under the Central Board of Revenue Act, 1963. The officials of the Board in their ex-officio capacity also function as a Division of the Ministry dealing with matters relating to levy and collection of direct taxes.
  • Historical Background of C.B.D.T.
  • The Central Board of Revenue as the apex body of the Department, charged with the administration of taxes, came into existence as a result of the Central Board of Revenue Act, 1924. Initially the Board was in charge of both direct and indirect taxes. However, when the administration of taxes became too unwieldy for one Board to handle, the Board was split up into two, namely the Central Board of Direct Taxes and Central Board of Excise and Customs with effect from 1.1.1964. This bifurcation was brought about by constitution of two Boards u/s 3 of the Central Board of Revenue Act, 1963.
  • Composition and Functions of CBDT
  • The Central Board of Direct Taxes consists of a Chairman and following six Members: -
  • Chairman
  • Member (Income-tax)
  • Member (Legislation & Computerisation)
  • Member (Personnel & Vigilance)
  • Member (Investigation)
  • Member (Revenue)
  • Member (Audit & Judicial)
  • Jurisdiction (Zonal)
  • Chairman – Delhi & North West Region
  • Member (IT) – South Zone (Tamil Nadu, Karnataka and Kerala)
  • Member (L&C) – Rajasthan, Andhra Pradesh, Gujarat & Maharashtra (except Mumbai)
  • Member (R) – West Bengal, North East Region, Orissa, Bihar and Jharkhand
  • Member (P&V) – Mumbai
  • Member (A&J) – Madhya Pradesh, Chattisgarh, Lucknow & Kanpur
  • Member (Inv.) – All DGsIT(Inv.), All CCsIT(Central) and DGIT(I&CI)
  • Angel tax :
  • What is Angel Tax?
  • Angel Tax is a 30% tax that is levied on the funding received by startups from an external investor. However, this 30% tax is levied when startups receive angel funding at a valuation higher than its ‘fair market value’. It is counted as income to the company and is taxed.
  • The tax, under section 56(2)(viib), was introduced by in 2012 to fight money laundering. The stated rationale was that bribes and commissions could be disguised as angel investments to escape taxes. But given the possibility of this section being used to harass genuine startups, it was rarely invoked.
  • Why is Angel tax problematic?
  • There is no definitive or objective way to measure the ‘fair market value’ of a startup. Investors pay a premium for the idea and the business potential at the angel funding stage. However, tax officials seem to be assessing the value of the startups based on their net asset value at one point. Several startups say that they find it difficult to justify the higher valuation to tax officials.
  • In a notification dated May 24, 2018, the Central Board of Direct Taxes (CBDT) had exempted angel investors from the Angel Tax clause subject to fulfilment of certain terms and conditions, as specified by the Department of Industrial Policy and Promotion (DIPP) now renamed as the Department for Promotion of Industry and Internal Trade. However, despite the exemption notification, there are a host of challenges that startups are still faced with, in order to get this exemption
  • Proposed reforms:
  • Earlier, start-ups whose aggregate amount of paid-up share capital and share premium after the proposed issue of share does not exceed ₹10 crore are eligible for exemption from the tax. The government is planning to raise this limit to RS25 crore.
  • It is also planning to amend the definition of a start-up to include companies that have been in operation for up to 10 years rather than the previous limit of seven years.
  • Is Scrapping Angel Tax possible?
  • The angel tax could not be scrapped as money laundering is a major problem. There is a network of 200 shell companies and they have been under control since 2012, so it cannot be scrapped.
  • However, concessions are under consideration with the size of the start-up, the duration of its operation, and the income of the angel investORS


10.India to seek boost to protection status of 5 species at CITES     (GS-3)

  • CONTEXT:India has submitted proposals regarding changes to the listing of various wildlife species in the CITES secretariat meeting, scheduled later this month in Geneva, Switzerland.
  • CITES (Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species on Wild Fauna and Flora) is an international treaty to ensure that trade in wild animals and plants do not threaten their survival.
  • The proposals submitted are regarding changes in the listing of the smooth-coated otter, small-clawed otter, Indian star tortoise, Tokay gecko, wedgefish and Indian rosewood.
  • The country seeks to boost the protection of all the five animal species as they are facing a high risk of international trade.
  • For the Indian rosewood, the proposal is to remove the species from CITES Appendix II. The species covered by CITES are listed in three appendices on the degree of protection they require.
  • India is among the parties proposing the re-listing of the star tortoise from CITES Appendix II to Appendix I. The species faces two threats: loss of habitat to agriculture and illegal harvesting for the pet trade.
  • With regard to the two otter species, India, Nepal and the Philippines have proposed that the listing be moved from CITES Appendix II to Appendix I for the more endangered species. A similar proposal has been made to include the Tokay gecko in Appendix I.
  • India would also support proposals, such as the boosting of protection status for tarantulas, made by other countries. TRAFFIC is an international wildlife trade monitoring network.
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