IMPORTANT TOPICS FOR 15 JULY 2019

IMPORTANT TOPICS FOR TODAY 

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BY SUMIT BHARDWAJ                          15 JULY2019

1.Chandrayaan 2 Moon mission Launch called off due to technical snag…..                    (GS-3)

A brief  revision of chandrayaan 2 friends:

• Chandrayaan-2, the country’s first moon lander and rover mission, is a month away. The Indian Space Research. Organisation has marked mid-July for the take-off.
• Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle-Mark III (GSLV-MK III).
• most challenging mission .
• soft-land a contraption called the lander on the lunar surface.
• three modules: the Orbiter, Lander (Vikram) and Rover (Pragyan).
• orbiter propulsion module.
• India: Fourth Country to Land a Spacecraft on Moon.
• areas close to the Moon’s equator.
• near the South Pole of the Moon.
• presence of water(possibility).
• a map of the moon’s topology.

2.Railways may buy readymade trains from private players                                   (GS-2,3)

• What is the news all about?
• In a policy shift, the Indian Railways is mulling the idea of buying readymade trains from private players instead of making them at production units.

• Some key elements in the news article:

• Integral Coach Factory (ICF), Chennai
• Modern Coach Factory, Raebareli,
• Rail Coach Factory, Kapurthala.
• Electric Multiple Unit (EMU)…..An electric multiple unit or EMU is a multiple-unit train consisting of self-propelled carriages using electricity as the motive power. An EMU requires no separate locomotive, as electric traction motors are incorporated within one or a number of the carriages.
• Mainline Electric Multiple Unit (MEMU)
• Vande Bharat Express or Train 18.
• Linke Hofmann Busch (LHB).

3.Mid day meal scheme……..                  (GS-2)

• Why is this scheme in the news?
• More than 900 children were reported ill across the country with zero fatalities due to the consumption of mid-day meals in the past three years, according to officials of the Human Resource Development Ministry.
• About mid day meal scheme:
• The midday meals scheme is a unique programme designed to improve nutritional status and health of school children in the country. The scheme offers free lunches for children in primary, secondary classes in government, government aided, local body funded, selected NGOs which support government initiatives, NGO serving and training mentally and physically challenged children etc. According to estimates, around 1.2 crore children are served free lunch every day, making it a largest meals scheme in the world.
• History of the scheme:
• Despite being a largest meals scheme, the programme was originally started by British officials and was introduced in 1925 in Madras Corporation. Later, the French administration introduced in the Union Territory of Puducherry in the early 1930’s. The scheme was later re-introduced in primary schools in the 1962–63 throughout Tamilnadu by then Chief Minister K Kamaraj in order to attract more children to the school. Later, the Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu, M G Ramachandran upgraded the existing Mid-day meal scheme in the state to 'Nutritious food scheme' in order to eradicate malnutrition among 60 lakh children.
• With the wide spread popularlity, Gujarat and Kerala decided to implement the scheme in 1985. But due to various reasons, the scheme was systematically abandoned in Gujarat. But Kerala expanded to more schools and other grades. In 1990-91, twelve states decided to implement their own scheme all students. The states include Goa, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, Tripura and Uttar Pradesh. Karnataka, Orissa, Andhra Pradesh and West Bengal received foreign aid to help with implementation of the scheme.

                                             Image -1 - India’s malnutrition challenges

                                   

4.Prime Ministers’ museum gets ready at Teen Murti….                                                  (GS-2)

• The Central Public Works Department (CPWD) has set a March 2020 deadline for completing the “Museum on Prime Ministers of India” in the Teen Murti Bhavan complex, which houses the Nehru Memorial Museum and Library (NMML), officials said.

• Nehru Memorial Museum & Library (NMML):

• Status: The Nehru Memorial Museum & Library (NMML) is an autonomous institution under the Ministry of Culture, Government of India.
• Background: It was established in 1964 in the memory of First Prime Minister (PM) of India, Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru (1889 - 1964).
• Location: It is located in the Teen Murti House, Delhi (the official residence of the first PM).
• Administration: Prime Minister of India Is the President of the NMML.
• Units: It has four major constituents namely –
• Museum On Prime Ministers Of India: The new museum will include the memorabilia of the Prime Ministers, and is expected to cost Rs. 270 crore.
• a Library on modern India,
• a Centre for Contemporary Studies and
• Nehru Planetarium.

5.Bhopal gas tragedy……                      (GS-2,3)

• NEWS ARTICLE ON POLLUTED WATER,SEWAGE TORMENT IN BHOPAL…
• ABOUT BHOPAL GAS TRGEDY:
• A US multinational pesticide company called ” union carbide” operating in Bhopal, met with an accident in December 1984, spewed enormous amount of poisonous gases killing thousands of people and leaving many more in serious health hazards – whose effects are felt even today.
• HOW DID IT HAPPEN?
• There was a leakage in the water pipe and as result water entered into methyl iso cyanide(MIC) tank. Also refrigeration system was not working to cool MIC and prevent chemical reaction. Due to this, exothermic reaction took place releasing large amount of heat and the volume of gas increased and a cloud of gases phosgene, carbon monoxide and MIC started coming out. As it was very spontaneous and rapidly it spread and soon a very dense cloud was formed over the city of Bhopal exposing half a million people.

6.ANNUAL CRIME REPORT…NCRB(GS-2)

• WHY IT IS IN THE NEWS?
• The annual crime report compiled by the National Crime Records Bureau (NCRB) for 2017 will be published soon as requisite data from all States has been received, a senior official said
• ABOUT NCRB:
• The National Crime Records Bureau, abbreviated to NCRB, is an Indian government agency responsible for collecting and analysing crime data as defined by the Indian Penal Code and Special and Local Laws. NCRB is headquartered in New Delhi and is part of the Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India.
• Crime and Criminal Tracking Network and Systems (CCTNS):The Crime and Criminal Tracking Networks and Systems, abbreviated to CCTNS, is a project under Indian government for creating a comprehensive and integrated system for effective policing through e-Governance.
• Investigation Tracking System for Sexual Offences(ITSSO).

7.Law Commission to be formed soon …..           (GS-2)

• ABOUT LAW COMMISSION OF INDIA:
• The Law Commission of India is an executive body formed by a GOI order. Its chief mandate is to bring about reforms in the legal domain in the country. The commission is chiefly composed of legal experts. The Law Commission is formed for a fixed term. It functions as an advisory body to the Law and Justice Ministry. The first ever Law Commission was created in 1834 via the 1833 Charter Act. There were three more law commissions during the British Raj before independence. Currently, the 21st Law Commission is in function and its tenure is from 2015 to 2018. Balbir Singh Chauhan, judge of the Supreme Court is the current chairman of the Law Commission. At present, one major concern before the commission is the amendment of the Indian Penal Code or the IPC.
• The Law Commission of India is a non-statutory body constituted by the Government of India. The first such Commission set up in 1834 under the Charter Act of 1833.It was set up under the Chairmanship of Lord Macaulay which suggested codification of the Penal Code and the Criminal Procedure Code. The Indian Contract Act, The Indian Code of Civil Procedure the Indian Evidence Act, the Transfer of Property Act. etc. are the outcomes of the first four Law Commissions.
• The Government of India established the First Law Commission of Independent India in 1955 and is reconstituted every three years. The tenure of the 20th Law Commission was up to 31st August, 2015. So far, the Law Commissions have contributed towards the dynamic advancement and codification of the laws of the nation. The Union has given its underwriting on the Constitution of the 21st Law Commission of India, for a time of three years with impact from first September 2015 to 31st August, 2018.

8.KARNATAKA POLITICAL TURMOIL:                         (GS -2)

• ANTI DEFECTION LAW.(52nd Amendment Act, it added the law as the 10th Schedule of the Constitution)
• FLOOR TEST.
• ARTICLE 164.
• status quo.

9.International Criminal Court …..WAR CRIMES…                                         (GS-2)

• The International Criminal Court verdict against Bosco Ntaganda
• International Criminal Court :The International Criminal Court is an intergovernmental organization and international tribunal that sits in The Hague, Netherlands. The ICC has jurisdiction to prosecute individuals for the international crimes of genocide, crimes against humanity, war crimes, and crimes of aggression.
• War crimes:A war crime is an act that constitutes a serious violation of the laws of war that gives rise to individual criminal responsibility.

10.Visa-free year-long access for

pilgrims to Kartarpur Sahib……………(GS-2)

• WAGAH MEETING:Pakistan on Sunday agreed to give year­long visa­free access for Indian pilgrims to the holy Gurdwara of Kartarpur  Sahib.
• ABOUT KARTARPUR SAHIB CORRIDDOR:The Kartarpur Corridor is a proposed border corridor between the neighbouring nations of India and Pakistan, connecting the Sikh shrines of Dera Baba Nanak Sahib and Gurdwara Darbar Sahib Kartarpur.

11.Congenital anomalies :are also known as birth defects, congenital disorders or congenital malformations. Congenital anomalies can be defined as structural or functional anomalies (e.g. metabolic disorders) that occur during intrauterine life and can be identified prenatally, at birth or later in life.

12.Ganges dolphin:                                   (GS-3)

• Ministry of Shipping plans to safeguard population of the Ganges River Dolphin, in the country’s one dolphin reserve through which National Waterway­1connecting Haldia to Varanasi passes.

• Vikramshila Gangetic Dolphin Sanctuary (VGDS),from Sultanganj to Kahalganjon the Ganga in Bihar is the only dolphin sanctuary in the country.

•  Comprehensive Environmenta land Social lmpact Assessment(ESIA) study on National Waterway­I including on stretches falling within VGDS.

13.Looming challenges to India for coming 5 years ahead…….important points to look at : (GS-2,3)……………

• G­20 .
• counter­terrorism and climate change issues .
• Belt and Road Initiative(BRI).
• Cold War.
• U.S.­Iran conflict.
• National Defence Authorisation Act.
• NATO.
• Artificial intelligence, biotechnology andcyber methodology…….critical elements of thedisruptive technology matrix India’s ambition tobecome a $5­trillion economy by2024­ 25.

14.Ecological perils ……..some noteworthy points in the article:                          (GS-3)

•  “man made disaster”.
•  Chennai floods,  water scarcity crisis.
•  byzantine network of tanks and lakes built by the Kakatiya dynasty . Telangana.
• “Mission Kakatiya”. Telangana.
• Kundalahalli lake . Bangalore .
• Kaleshwaram Lift Irrigation Scheme and Mission.

15.The Botanical Survey of India........

has come up with the
First comprehensive census of orchids of India
Puttingthe total number of orchid species or
taxa to 1,256.


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