IMPORTANT TOPICS FOR 19 JULY 2019

IMPORTANT TOPICS FOR TODAY 

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BY SUMIT BHARDWAJ                         19 JULY 2019

1.Pakistan to grant consular access to Kulbushan Jadhav: Foreign Ministry   (GS-3)

• CONTEXT:The ministry said that Jadhav had been informed of his rights under the Vienna Convention on consular relations.
• WHAT IS CONSULAR ACCESS?
• The Vienna Convention on Consular (Article 36 addresses communications between consular officers and nationals of the sending state. The Convention provides that "consular officers shall be free to communicate with nationals of the sending State and to have access to them.")Relations of 1963 is an international treaty that defines a framework for consular relations between independent states. A consul normally operates out of an embassy in another country, and performs two functions: (1)protecting in the host country the interests of their countrymen, and (2) furthering the commercial and economic relations between the two states.
• The treaty provides for consular immunity. The treaty has been ratified by 180 states.

2.Donald Trump says U.S. ship destroyed Iranian drone in Strait of Hormuz      (GS-1,3)

  IMAGE-1

• CONTEXT: US- IRAN TUSSLE
• IMPORTANT GEOGRAPHIC PLACES TO REMEMBER:
• PERSIAN GULF:The Persian Gulf is a mediterranean sea in Western Asia. The body of water is an extension of the Indian Ocean through the Strait of Hormuz and lies between Iran to the northeast and the Arabian Peninsula to the southwest. The Shatt al-Arab river delta forms the northwest shoreline.
• GULF OF OMAN:The Gulf of Oman or Sea of Oman is a gulf that connects the Arabian Sea with the Strait of Hormuz, which then runs to the Persian Gulf. It borders Iran and Pakistan on the north, Oman on the south, and the United Arab Emirates on the west.
• STRAIT OF HORMUZ:The Strait of Hormuz is a strait between the Persian Gulf and the Gulf of Oman. It provides the only sea passage from the Persian Gulf to the open ocean and is one of the world's most strategically important choke points.
• ARABIAN SEA:The Arabian Sea is a region of the northern Indian Ocean bounded on the north by Pakistan and Iran, on the west by the Gulf of Aden, Guardafui Channel and the Arabian Peninsula, on the southeast by the Laccadive Sea, on the southwest by the Somali Sea, and on the east by India….

3.Kaziranga’s man-made highlands help rhinos survive floods                                  (GS-3,4)

• CONTEXT:Kaziranga National Park (KNP)’s man-made highlands have turned into islands of relative safety for the park’s animals as large parts of Assam remain inundated by flood waters.
• Kaziranga National Park (KNP):Kaziranga National Park is a protected area in the northeast Indian state of Assam. Spread across the floodplains of the Brahmaputra River, its forests, wetlands and grasslands are home to tigers, elephants and the world’s largest population of Indian one-horned rhinoceroses. Ganges River dolphins swim in the park’s waters. It’s visited by many rare migratory birds, and gray pelicans roost near Kaziranga village.
• Floods are a necessary evil in Kaziranga, which comprises a mix of wetlands, grasslands and forests. Every monsoon, the neighbouring Brahmaputra inundates the 880 sq km park — its core area is 430 sq km — primarily serving to flush out the aquatic plants and weeds that choke its ecosystem.
• Brahmaputra :The Brahmaputra is one of the major rivers of Asia, a trans-boundary river which flows through China, India and Bangladesh.Length: 2,900 km
• Source: Himalayas
• Basin size: 712,035 km2 (274,918 sq mi)
• Tributaries: Teesta River, Lohit River, Dibang River, Kameng River, 
• Bridges: Bogibeel Bridge, Bhupen Hazarika Setu, Naranarayan Setu, Kolia Bhomora Setu
• Did you know: It is known as the Yarlung Tsangpo River in Tibet, the Brahmaputra, Lohit, Siang, and Dihang in India, and the Jamuna in Bangladesh.

4.The threat of Ebola                            ( GS-3)

• CONTEXT: The World Health Organization has declared the Ebola virus disease outbreak in the Democratic Republic of the Congo a Public Health Emergency of International Concern.
• Ebola in Goma.
• fifth time that the WHO has declared a global emergency.
• earlier occasions were in February 2016 for Zika outbreaks in the Americas, August 2014 for Ebola outbreaks in western Africa, the spread of polio in May 2014, and the H1N1 pandemic in April 2009.
• EBOLA: Ebola virus disease (EVD), also known as Ebola hemorrhagic fever (EHF) or simply Ebola, is a viral hemorrhagic fever of humans and other primates caused by ebolaviruses.
• ZIKA: Zika is spread mostly by the bite of an infected Aedes species mosquito (Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus). These mosquitoes bite during the day and night.
• Zika can be passed from a pregnant woman to her fetus. Infection during pregnancy can cause certain birth defects.
• There is no vaccine or medicine for Zika.
• H1N1:Swine flu is an infection caused by a virus. It's named for a virus that pigs can get. People do not normally get swine flu, but human infections can and do happen. In 2009 a strain of swine flu called H1N1 infected many people around the world.
• The virus is contagious and can spread from human to human. Symptoms of swine flu in people are similar to the symptoms of regular human flu and include fever, cough, sore throat, body aches, headache, chills and fatigue.

5.OIC’s curious record on Xinjiang       (GS-3)

• CONTEXT: India became the ‘Guest of Honour’ at the 46th session of the Council of Foreign Ministers of the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) held in Abu Dhabi in March.
• IMPORTANT POINTS IN THE ARICLE TO LOOK AT:
• Dhaka Declaration in May 2018 
• The OIC, representing 57 member states and a population of about 1.8 billion people, is the world’s second-largest intergovernmental organisation after the UN and is committed to protecting the interests of the Muslim world.
• China’s Xinjiang province, which is in the news on account of alleged violations of human rights and curbs on religious freedom of Uighurs and other Muslim ethnic groups.
• East Turkestan Islamic Movement of separatist Uighurs from Xinjiang.

6.Finance Minister expects no flight of FPIs on higher tax                                           (GS-2,3)

• CONTEXT:  The increase in tax on high net worth individuals, announced in the Union Budget, will not result in an outflow of Foreign Portfolio Investments (FPIs), Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman informed the Lok Sabha on Thursday.
• Foreign Portfolio Investments (FPIs):Foreign portfolio investment (FPI) consists of securities and other financial assets held by investors in another country. It does not provide the investor with direct ownership of a company's assets and is relatively liquid depending on the volatility of the market.
• Along with foreign direct investment (FDI), FPI is one of the common ways to invest in an overseas economy. FDI and FPI are both important sources of funding for most economies.

7.Govt. has ignored benefits of cannabis, claims plea in HC                (GS-2)

• CONTEXT:Petition challenges NDPS Act that criminalises cultivation and use of the drug
• NDPS Act :The Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Act, 1985, commonly referred to as the NDPS Act, is an Act of the Parliament of India that prohibits a person to produce/manufacture/cultivate, possess, sell, purchase, transport, store, and/or consume any narcotic drug or psychotropic substance.

8.Ethanol biorefinery to come up in Vidarbha (GS-3)

CONTEXT:Bharat Petroleum Corporation
Limited (BPCL) will set up Maharashtra’s first
Ever ethanol biorefienry in Vidarbha’s
Bhandara district at a cost of nearly RS 1,500
Crore.

• Bharat Petroleum Corporation Limited (BPCL) :Bharat Petroleum Corporation Limited (BPCL) is a Government of India controlled Maharatna oil and gas company headquartered in Mumbai, Maharashtra. The Corporation operates two large refineries of the country located in Kochi and Mumbai. The company is India's 2nd largest downstream oil company and is ranked 342nd on the Fortune list of the world's biggest corporations as of 2016.BPCL ranked 672 in the Forbes 2018 list.
• Ethanol biorefinery :A biorefinery is a refinery that converts biomass to energy and other beneficial byproducts (such as chemicals). ... Supply the current fuels and chemical building blocks. Supply new building blocks for the production of novel materials with disruptive characteristics.

9.Chandrayaan­2 launch set  for July 22         (GS-3)

• Chandrayaan-2 is India's second lunar exploration mission after Chandrayaan-1. Developed by the Indian Space Research Organisation, the mission is planned to be launched to the Moon by a Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle Mark III. It includes a lunar orbiter, lander and rover, all developed domestically

10.Child labour in films, TV comes under scanner                   (GS-2,4)

• CONTEXT:

The Union Labour and Employment Ministry has expressed
concern over violations of child labour rules in
Film and television and
urged the Ministry of Information and Broadcasting to
ensure “strict compliance”
by the industry with the norms on working conditions
for children, as well as the inclusion of mandatory
disclaimers when they appear on screen.

• Child and Adolescent Labour (Prohibition

& Regulation) Act, 1986,as amended in 2016:In July 2016, the Parliament has passed the Child Labour (Prohibition and Regulation) Amendment Bill, 2016. ... The 1986 act prohibits employment of children below 14 years in 83 hazardous occupations and processes.
Under the Child Labour (Prohibition and Regulation)
Amendment Rules,2017, child artistes are supposed
to work for a maximum of five hours a day and
not more than three hours without rest, the ministry noted. The rules also require permission from the District Magistrate and an undertaking by the producer, as well as the deployment of one person each for ensuring the safety and security of a maximum of five children. Children should not be away from schooling
or more than 27 days and20% of their income should be deposited in a fixed
Deposit in their name, as per the rules. 

11.Naval training ships tohave facilities for women                          (GS-3)

• The INS Sagardhwani, a

marine acoustic research ship of the Naval Physical
& Oceanographic
Laboratory (NPOL), was flagged off for a scientific
venture in the northern Indian Ocean. The ship would visit
Thailand, Malaysia, and Indonesia for collaborative
research programmes with
institutes in these countries. Sagardhwani sets
off for research.

12.NEWS ARTICLE ON FINANCE BILL 

(GS-3)

• SOME IMPORTANT POINTS IN THE NEWS ARTICLE:
•  Benami: Benami Transactions (Prohibition) Act, 1988 is an Act of the Parliament of India that prohibits certain types of financial transactions. The act defines a 'benami' transaction as any transaction in which property is transferred to one person for consideration paid by another person.
• SEBI ACT: The Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) is the regulator for the securities market in India. It was established in 1988 and given statutory powers on 30 January 1992 through the SEBI Act, 1992
• PMLA:Prevention of Money Laundering Act, 2002 is an Act of the Parliament of India enacted by the NDA government to prevent money-laundering and to provide for confiscation of property derived from money-laundering. PMLA and the Rules notified there under came into force with effect from July 1, 2005.

13.7,000 species added to IUCN ‘Red List 

(gs-3)

International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN)
warned on Thursday, as it added more than 7,000 animals,
Fish and plants to its endangered “Red List”.

• International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN):

The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, founded in 1964, has evolved to become the world's most comprehensive inventory of the global conservation status of biological species. It uses a set of criteria to evaluate the extinction risk of thousands of species and subspecies.

• “Red List”.The Red List Index. The IUCN Red List Index (RLI) provides a clearer view of real trends within different taxonomic groups, and for biodiversity as a whole. Photo: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species™ The RLI is available for groups in which all species have been assessed at least twice.
• 
  

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