IMPORTANT TOPICS FOR 20 JULY 2019

IMPORTANT TOPICS FOR TODAY 

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BY SUMIT BHARDWAJ                   20 JULY 2019

1.Inclusion over exclusion: on Assam NRC                       (GS-2)

• CONTEXT: Supreme Court-led process of updating the National Register of Citizens in Assam nearing its deadline of July 31, the complexities involved in the gargantuan(massive) exercise have dawned upon the executive. 
• Important aspects in the article:
• National Register of Citizens :
• The National Register of Citizens (NRC) is the list of Indian citizens of Assam. It was prepared in 1951, following the census of 1951.
• For a person’s name to be included in the updated NRC list of 2018, he/ she will have to furnish:
• Existence of name in the legacy data: The legacy data is the collective list of the NRC data of 1951 and the electoral rolls up to midnight of 24 March 1971.
• Proving linkage with the person whose name appears in the legacy data.
• Why was it updated?
• The process of NRC update was taken up in Assam as per a Supreme Court order in 2013. In order to wean out cases of illegal migration from Bangladesh and other adjoining areas, NRC updation was carried out under The Citizenship Act, 1955, and according to rules framed in the Assam Accord.
• Why is March 24, 1971 the cut-off date?
• There have been several waves of migration to Assam from Bangladesh, but the biggest was in March 1971 when the Pakistan army crackdown forced many to flee to India. The Assam Accord of 1985 that ended the six-year anti-foreigners’ agitation decided upon the midnight of March 24, 1971 as the cut-off date.
• Who is a citizen in Assam?
• The Citizenship Act of 1955 was amended after the Assam Accord for all Indian-origin people who came from Bangladesh before January 1, 1966 to be deemed as citizens. Those who came between January 1, 1966 and March 25, 1971 were eligible for citizenship after registering and living in the State for 10 years while those entering after March 25, 1971, were to be deported.   
  

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2.  The NEP and liberal arts education                                 (GS-2)

• CONTEXT: draft of the National Education Policy (NEP). 
• National Education Policy (NEP).:
• Highlights of the draft:
• It proposes expansion of the RTE Act. It aims to cover the three years of preschool before Class 1.
• It wants early childhood education to be overseen and regulated by the Ministry of HRD as part of the school system.
• This will be in addition to the private pre-schools and anganwadis that currently cater to the 3-to-6 years age group.
• It suggests a new integrated curricular framework for 3 to 8-year olds with a flexible system based on play, activity and discovery, and beginning exposure to three languages from age 3 onwards.
• The NEP could result in an upheaval in the anganwadi system which has been overseen by the Ministry of WCD for more than four decades.

3.Green shoots of economic growth    (GS-3)

• CONTEXT: Without factoring in agriculture, the vision of a $5-trillion economy will remain a distant dream/
• IMPORTANT POINTS TO REMEMBER FROM THIS ARTICLE:
• ‘blue sky’ vision envisaged in the Economic Survey this year.
• Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO):
• The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations is a specialized agency of the United Nations that leads international efforts to defeat hunger. Serving both developed and developing countries, FAO acts as a neutral forum where all nations meet as equals to negotiate arguments and debate policy.
• KEY ASPECTS:
• agri-startups and agri-tourism.
• agri-education .
• conservation of indigenous germplasm, disease surveillance, quality control, waste utilisation and value addition.
• renewable energy generation (using small wind mill and solar pumps) 
• intelligence-led agriculture, e-markets, soil mapping and others. 
•  BRIC (Brazil, Russia, India and China).
• Sustainable Developmental Goals (SDGs).
• ‘patient capital’.

4.RTI Bill introduced        (GS-2)

• CONTEXT: a Bill to amend the Right to Information (RTI) Act and give the Union government the power to set the service conditions and salaries of Information Commissioners was introduced in the Lok Sabha on Friday.
• The new Bill seeks to change the status of the Information Commissioners who are on a par with the Election Commissioners, and states that the term of office, salaries, allowances and other terms and conditions shall be “as prescribed by the Central government”. Currently, Section 13(5) of the Act provides that these are equivalent to that of the Chief Election Commissioner for the Chief Information Commissioner and to an Election Commissioner for an Information Commissioner.
• ABOUT RTI:
• Right to Information (RTI) is act of the Parliament of India to provide for setting out the practical regime of the right to information for citizens and replaces the erstwhile Freedom of information Act, 2002. Under the provisions of the Act, any citizen of India may request information from a "public authority" (a body of Government or "instrumentality of State") which is required to reply expeditiously or within thirty days. The Act also requires every public authority to computerise their records for wide dissemination and to proactively certain categories of information so that the citizens need minimum recourse to request for information formally.
• This law was passed by Parliament on 15 June 2005 and came fully into force on 12 October 2005. Every day, over 4800 RTI applications are filed. In the first ten years of the commencement of the act over 17,500,000 applications had been filed.

5.International Police Conference held (GS-2,3)   

The International Police
Conference-2019 under the
theme ‘Challenges to
strengthen peace and
security’ was organised at
Pragati Maidan on Friday   

6.  Brindavana of VyasarajaTirtha rebuilt in Karnataka                    (GS-1) 

• CONTEXT: The destruction of the Brindavana (tomb) of Sri Vyasaraja Tirtha at Nava Brindavana Gadde at Anegundi near Hampi, sent shock waves among the Madhwa community, spread across the country, on Thursday morning. The vandalism was suspected to have been the act of some treasure hunters.    
• ABOUT  Sri Vyasaraja Tirtha :
•  Vyāsatīrtha (c. 1460–c. 1539), also called Vyasaraja or Chandrikacharya, was a Madhva scholar and poet belonging to the Dvaita order of Vedanta. As the patron saint of the Vijayanagara Empire, Vyasatirtha was at the forefront of a golden age in Dvaita which saw new developments in dialectical thought, growth of the Haridasa literature under bards like Purandara Dasa and Kanaka Dasa and an amplified spread of Dvaita across the subcontinent. Three of his polemically themed doxographical works Nyayamruta, Tatparya Chandrika and Tarka Tandava (collectively called Vyasa Traya) documented and critiqued an encyclopaedic range of sub-philosophies in Advaita, Visistadvaita, Mahayana Buddhism, Mimamsa and Nyaya, revealing internal contradictions and fallacies. His Nyayamruta caused a significant stir in the Advaita community across the country requiring a rebuttal by Madhusudhana Saraswati through his text, Advaitasiddhi.

7.Women in CRPF will soon get specially designed body gear                (GS-3)

• CONTEXT: In a first, women personnel of the Central Reserve Police Force (CRPF) who have to face riotous mobs will soon get a body gear that fits them.
• Central Reserve Police Force (CRPF):
• The Central Reserve Police Force is India's largest Central Armed Police Force and also considered to be World's largest Paramilitary Force. It functions under the authority of the Ministry of Home Affairs of the Government of India. 
• General nature: Federal law enforcement
• Motto: "सेवा और निष्ठा"
• Headquarters: New Delhi
• Minister responsible: Amit Shah, Union Minister of Home Affairs
• Founder: Parliament of India
• Founded: 27 July 1939

8.Maharaja Hari Singh’s birthday to be holiday in J&K                              

•   ABOUT MAHARAHJA HARI SINGH:(GS-1)

• Hari Singh was born on 23 September 1895 at the palace of Amar Mahal, Jammu, the only surviving son of Raja Amar Singh Jamwal, the brother of Maharaja Pratap Singh, the then Maharaja of Jammu and Kashmir. Since the Maharaja had no issue, Hari Singh was heir to the throne of Jammu and Kashmir.
• In 1903, Hari Singh served as a page of honour to Lord Curzon at the grand Delhi Durbar. At the age of thirteen, he was sent to the Mayo College in Ajmer. A year later, in 1909, his father died, and the British took a keen interest in his education and appointed Major H. K. Brar as his guardian. After Mayo College, Hari Singh went to the British-run Imperial Cadet Corps at Dehra Dun for military training

9.Gujarat must act on Devalia lion attack death, says NHRC                          (GS-2)

• CONTEXT: The National Human Rights Commission (NHRC) has issued a notice to the Gujarat government urging it to act within eight weeks over the death of a forest labourer and injuries to two others in a lion attack in the Devalia Safari Park in the Gir forest of Junagadh district last November.
• The National Human Rights Commission (NHRC):
• The National Human Rights Commission of India is a Statutory public body constituted on 12 October 1993 under the Protection of Human Rights Ordinance of 28 September 1993. It was given a statutory basis by the Protection of Human Rights Act, 1993
• Gir forest :
• Gir Forest National Park is a wildlife sanctuary in Gujarat, western India. It was established to protect Asiatic lions, who frequent the fenced-off Devalia Safari Park, along with leopards and antelopes. Gir Jungle Trail, outside the fenced area, traverses deciduous forest and is home to wildlife including vultures and pythons. The Kamleshwar Dam has marsh crocodiles and birds, such as Indian skimmers and pelicans.

10.Tehran dismisses U.S. claim

of destroying Iranian drone   (GS-2)

• CONTEXT: US- IRAN TUSSLE
• IMPORTANT GEOGRAPHIC PLACES TO REMEMBER:
• PERSIAN GULF:The Persian Gulf is a mediterranean sea in Western Asia. The body of water is an extension of the Indian Ocean through the Strait of Hormuz and lies between Iran to the northeast and the Arabian Peninsula to the southwest. The Shatt al-Arab river delta forms the northwest shoreline.
• GULF OF OMAN:The Gulf of Oman or Sea of Oman is a gulf that connects the Arabian Sea with the Strait of Hormuz, which then runs to the Persian Gulf. It borders Iran and Pakistan on the north, Oman on the south, and the United Arab Emirates on the west.
• STRAIT OF HORMUZ:The Strait of Hormuz is a strait between the Persian Gulf and the Gulf of Oman. It provides the only sea passage from the Persian Gulf to the open ocean and is one of the world's most strategically important choke points.
• ARABIAN SEA:The Arabian Sea is a region of the northern Indian Ocean bounded on the north by Pakistan and Iran, on the west by the Gulf of Aden, Guardafui Channel and the Arabian Peninsula, on the southeast by the Laccadive Sea, on the southwest by the Somali Sea, and on the east by India.

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