DAILY CURRENT AFFAIRS -28 JULY 2019- 10 MOST IMPORTANT TOPICS FROM THE HINDU

                 IMPORTANT TOPICS FOR TODAY 

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BY SUMIT BHARDWAJ                              28 JULY 2019

PRELIMS+ MAINS =COURSE OF STUDY FROM  THE HINDU….

1.1,050 passengers rescued from stranded train near Mumbai                                      (GS-3)

• CONTEXT:A coordinated operation of the NDRF, the Army and the Navy on Saturday rescued over a thousand passengers stranded on the Mumbai-Kolhapur Mahalaxmi Express near Badlapur, following heavy overnight rains that inundated large swathes of the Mumbai Metropolitan Region (MMR).
• ABOUT NDRF:
• Facts:
• NDRF stands for National Disaster Response Force
• It comes under Ministry of Home Affairs
• It is the only dedicated disaster response force in the world
• Established in 2006
• HQ: New Delhi
• It works under National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA) which lays down policies, plans and guidelines for disaster management.
• At present there are 12 battalions in NDRF which are deployed strategically across country to provide immediate response.
• 4 new battalions are sanctioned by Union Cabinet.
• Background:
• The Disaster Management Act, 2005 has made the statutory provisions for constitution of National Disaster Response Force (NDRF) for the purpose of specialized response to natural and man-made disasters.
• Two national calamities in quick succession in the form of Orissa Super Cyclone (1999) and Gujarat Earthquake (2001) brought about the realization of the need of having a specialist response mechanism at National Level to effectively respond to disasters. This realization led to the enactment of the DM Act on 26 Dec 2005.
• Role and Mandate of NDRF:
• Specialized response during disasters.
• Proactive deployment during impending disaster situations.
• Acquire and continually upgrade its own training and skills.
• Liaison, Reconnaissance, Rehearsals and Mock Drills.
• Impart basic and operational level training to State Response Forces (Police, Civil Defence and Home Guards).
• Community Capacity Building Programme.
• Organize Public Awareness Campaigns.
• Why it is said to be UNIQUE?
• It is the only dedicated disaster response force of the world.
• The only agency with comprehensive response capabilities having multi-disciplinary and multi-skilled, high-tech, standalone nature.
• Experienced paramilitary personnel specially trained and equipped for disaster response.
• Capabilities for undertaking disaster response, prevention, mitigation and capacity building 

2.CISF launches encyclopaedia to strengthen security services                        GS-3

• CONTEXT:The Central Industrial Security Force launched an online encyclopaedia — Securitypedia — which incorporates a wide gamut of security-related practices across the globe, said CISF spokesperson on Saturday.
• The CISF has established a technical lab at National Industrial Security Academy (NISA) in Hyderabad to maintain and update technical knowledge about the latest innovations in the field safety and security that can be used in places like airports and government offices, he added.
• ABOUT CISF:
• The Central Industrial Security Force is a Central Armed Police Force in India. It was set up under an Act of the Parliament of India on 10 March 1969 with a strength of 2,800. CISF was subsequently made an armed force of the Republic of India by another Act of Parliament passed on 15 June 1983.
• The National Industrial Security Academy :was established primarily to conduct the basic induction training of directly recruited Assistant Commandants, and to function as an organ of the CISF to cultivate professionalism and expertise in industrial security management. The Academy has been imparting professional and specialised training to officers & men of CISF and other Police Organisations and PSUs in addition to the primary task of grooming the Assistant Commandants (Probationers) and other direct recruits of the Force. The Academy is also organizing prestigious in service courses like Vertical Interaction Course for IPS officers and Integrated Industrial Security Management Course for Commandants and Deputy Commandants & equivalent ranks from Police, para-military Forces, and PSUs

3.85% of food adulteration cases in Bhind pending since 2011                        GS-2 

• CONTEXT:Almost 85% of food adulteration cases, primarily relating to milk and dairy products, registered in Bhind district of Madhya Pradesh are pending in courts since 2011
• IMPORTANT CONCEPTS RELATED TO FOOD ADULTERATION:
• Food and Drug Administration (FDA):
• The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is a trusted agency in the state to enforce the Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act fairly, upholds safety standards and protects the consumers. Find information about the cosmetic manufacturers, list of public testing laboratories, food labs, role of FDA, etc. Guidelines for drug, food and cosmetics are also available. List of below standard drugs and cosmetics and list of licensed retail pharmacy shops in the state are also provided. Users can also send an online feedback.
• The National Security Act of 1980 :is an act of the Indian Parliament promulgated on 23 September, 1980 whose purpose is "to provide for preventive detention in certain cases and for matters connected therewith".The act extends to the whole of India except the State of Jammu and Kashmir. It Contains 18 sections. This act empowers the Central Government and State Governments to detain a person to prevent him/her from acting in any manner prejudicial to the security of India, the relations of India with foreign countries, the maintenance of public order, or the maintenance of supplies and services essential to the community it is necessary so to do. The act also gives power to the governments to detain a foreigner in a view to regulate his presence or expel from the country. The act was passed in 1980 during the Indira Gandhi Government.

4.‘Self-help groups to be linked to nutrition plans’           GS 2

• CONTEXT:Self­ help groups (SHGs) will be connected to supplementary nutrition programmes at Anganwadi centres in Rajasthan this year.
• ABOUT Self­help groups (SHGs) :
• What are SHGs?
• Self-Help Groups (SHGs) are informal associations of people who choose to come together to find ways to improve their living conditions.
• It can be defined as self governed, peer controlled information group of people with similar socio-economic background and having a desire to collectively perform common purpose.
• Villages face numerous problems related to poverty, illiteracy, lack of skills, lack of formal credit etc. These problems cannot be tackled at an individual level and need collective efforts.
• Thus SHG can become a vehicle of change for the poor and marginalized. SHG rely on the notion of “Self Help” to encourage self-employment and poverty alleviation.
• Functions
• It looks to build the functional capacity of the poor and the marginalized in the field of employment and income generating activities.
• It resolves conflicts through collective leadership and mutual discussion.
• It provides collateral free loan with terms decided by the group at the market driven rates.
• Such groups work as a collective guarantee system for members who propose to borrow from organised sources. The poor collect their savings and save it in banks. In return they receive easy access to loans with a small rate of interest to start their micro unit enterprise.
• Consequently, Self-Help Groups have emerged as the most effective mechanism for delivery of microfinance services to the poor.
• Need for SHGs
• One of the reasons for rural poverty in our country is low access to credit and financial services.
• A Committee constituted under the chairmanship of Dr. C. Rangarajan to prepare a comprehensive report on 'Financial Inclusion in the Country' identified four major reasons for lack of financial inclusion:
• Inability to provide collateral security,
• Poor credit absorption capacity,
• Inadequate reach of the institutions, and
• Weak community network.
• The existence of sound community networks in villages is increasingly being recognised as one of the most important elements of credit linkage in the rural areas.
• They help in accessing credit to the poor and thus, play a critical role in poverty alleviation.
• They also help to build social capital among the poor, especially women. This empowers women and gives them greater voice in the society.
• Financial independence through self-employment has many externalities such as improved literacy levels, better health care and even better family planning.

5.Nagaland forms panel to frame RIIN modalities                            GS-2

• CONTEXT: The Nagaland government on Saturday constituted a commission to frame the modalities of creating the Register of Indigenous Inhabitants of Nagaland, officials said.
• The RIIN, a register of all the indigenous inhabitants of the State, is required to prevent issuance of indigenous inhabitant certificates to ineligible persons, they added.
• Register of Indigenous Inhabitants of Nagaland:
• The aim is to prepare a master list of all indigenous peoples and check the issuance of fake indigenous inhabitant certificates.
• The exercise to prepare the RIIN will begin on 10th July, 2019 and will be completed within 60 days.
• The RIIN will be prepared after an extensive survey with the help of a village-wise and ward-wise list of indigenous inhabitants based on official records. Also, It will be prepared under the supervision of each district administration.
• No fresh indigenous inhabitant certificate will be issued after the RIIN is completed except for children born to the State’s indigenous inhabitants who will be issued indigenous certificates along with birth certificates. The RIIN database will be updated accordingly.
• The RIIN will also be integrated with the online system for Inner-Line Permit, a temporary document non-inhabitants are required to possess for entry into and travel in Nagaland.
• RIIN has been called as a variant of the National Register of Citizens (NRC) that the state of Assam is updating to identify and weed out illegal immigrants in the state.

6.Centre to launch Deep Ocean Mission in October                     GS-1,3

• CONTEXT:A five-year, RS 8,000-crore plan to explore the deepest recesses of the ocean has finally got the green signal from the government.
• The ‘Deep Ocean Mission (DOM)’ to be led by the Union Earth Sciences Ministry will commence from October 31, Madhavan Rajeevan, Secretary, said at a public function. 
• “The mission proposes to explore the deep ocean similar to the space exploration started by ISRO about 35 years ago,”
• India has been allotted a site of 75,000 sq. km. in the Central Indian Ocean Basin (CIOB) by the UN International Sea Bed Authority for exploitation of polymetallic nodules (PMN). These are rocks scattered on the seabed containing iron, manganese, nickel and cobalt. Being able to lay hands on even 10% of that reserve can meet the energy requirement for the next 100 years. It has been estimated that 380 million metric tonnes of polymetallic nodules are available at the bottom of the seas in the Central Indian Ocean. India’s Exclusive Economic Zone spreads over 2.2 million sq. km. and in the deep sea, lies “unexplored and unutilised”
• MORE FACTS:
• India’s exclusive rights to explore polymetallic nodules from seabed in Central Indian Ocean Basin (CIOB) have been extended by five years. These rights are over 75000 sq. km of area in international waters allocated by International Seabed Authority for developmental activities for polymetallic nodules. The estimated polymetallic nodule resource potential is 380 million tonnes, containing 4.7 million tonnes of nickel, 4.29 million tonnes of copper and 0.55 million tonnes of cobalt and 92.59 million tonnes of manganese. This has been approved unanimously in the 23rd session of International Seabed Authority (ISA) concluded on August 18, 2017 at Kingston, Jamaica. 

  SOURCE:The Better India  

7.Pentagon nod for military sales to India, Pak.

         GS-2

• CONTEXT: U.S.­India strategic relationship.
• The U.S. State Department on Friday decided to approve a possible Foreign Military Sale (FMS) to India of the C­17 aircraft’s follow­on support at an estimated cost of $670 million, according to the Defence Security Cooperation Agency (DSCA)
• The Defense Security Cooperation Agency, as part of the United States Department of Defense, provides financial and technical assistance, transfer of defense matériel, training and services to allies, and promotes military-to-military contacts
•  India needs follow on support to maintain its operational readiness and ability to provide Humanitarian Assistance and Disaster Relief (HA/DR) assistance in the region. India will have no difficulty absorbing this support into its armed forces,” an of­ ficial statement from the DSCA said. The possible sale will strengthen the U.S.­India strategic relationship. “(It will also) improve the mobility capabilities of a major defensive partner, which continues to be an important force for political stability, peace, and economic progress in the Indo Pacific and South Asia region,” the DSCA added.

8.Predicting pollution levels using oceans’ memory                       GS-1,3

• Researchers from China and the U.S. have been successful in predicting air pollution levels in northern Indian States. The model they have developed shows 75% accuracy in predicting pollution levels, and the prediction can be done even a season in advance. The model takes into account certain climatic patterns related to the ocean which have a regulatory effect on the wintertime air pollution over northern India. Studying these patterns can help predict pollution levels.
• India has been emerging as one of the world’s most polluted countries, with particulate matter PM 2.5 levels spiking more than 999 microgram per cubic metre in parts of Delhi last year.
• Studying a combination of El Nino, Antarctic Oscillation and the anomalies in sea surface temperature during autumn (September-November), can help forecast the pollution conditions in winter (December-February).
• El Nino:
• El Niño is the warm phase of the El Niño–Southern Oscillation and is associated with a band of warm ocean water that develops in the central and east-central equatorial Pacific, including the area off the Pacific coast of South America.
• Antarctic Oscillation :
• The Antarctic oscillation is a low-frequency mode of atmospheric variability of the southern hemisphere. It is also known as the Southern Annular Mode. It is defined as a belt of westerly winds or low pressure surrounding Antarctica which moves north or south as its mode of variability

9.Vanishing wildlife: 22 species have gone extinct in India                          GS-3

• Four species of fauna and 18 species of flora have gone extinct in India in the past few centuries, according to wildlife survey organisations.
• The data was tabled earlier this month in the Lok Sabha by the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change
• ABOUT BSI:
• Botanical Survey of India (BSI), founded 13 February 1890, is Government of India Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change's organization for survey, research and conservation of plant resources, flora and endangered species of India, including by collecting and maintaining germplasm and gene bank of endangered, patent and vulnerable plant species.
• ABOUT ZSI:
• The Zoological Survey of India (ZSI), founded on 1 July 1916 by Government of India Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change, as premier Indian organisation in zoological research and studies to promote the survey, exploration and research of the fauna in the country.

10.WHO recommends use of innovative HIV drug                                     GS-3

• Based on new evidence assessing benefits and risks, the World Health Organisation (WHO) has recommended the use of the HIV drug dolutegravir (DTG) as the preferred first-line and second-line treatment for all populations, including pregnant women and those of childbearing potential.
• ABOUT WHO:
• The World Health Organization is a specialized agency of the United Nations that is concerned with international public health. It was established on 7 April 1948, and is headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland. The WHO is a member of the United Nations Development Group.
• ABOUT HIV:
• HIV stands for human immunodeficiency virus. It is the virus that can lead to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome or AIDS if not treated. ... HIV attacks the body's immune system, specifically the CD4 cells (T cells), which help the immune system fight off infections



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