DAILY CURRENT AFFAIRS -29 JULY 2019- 10 MOST IMPORTANT TOPICS FROM THE HINDU

IMPORTANT TOPICS FOR TODAY 

                         http://dailycurrentaffairs-sumit.blogspot.com
                                            
BY SUMIT BHARDWAJ                                29 JULY 2019

PRELIMS+ MAINS =COURSE OF STUDY FROM  THE HINDU….

1.Karnataka Speaker disqualifies 14 more rebel MLAs till end of Assembly term  (GS-2)

• CONTEXT:Karnataka Assembly Speaker K.R. Ramesh Kumar said he has disqualified 14 more rebel MLAS - bringing the total of disqualified MLAs 17 - till the end of the Assembly term with immediate effect, a day ahead of the trust vote. This has reduced the strength of the House to 208.
• SPEAKER OF THE LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY,POWER AND FUNCTIONS:
• There is a Speaker and a Deputy Speaker for the state legislative assembly.
• Speaker is the Presiding Officer for State Legislative Assembly.
• The Speaker is elected by the assembly itself from amongst its members.
• Usually, the Speaker remains in office during the life of the State Legislative Assembly.
• However, he has to vacate his office earlier in any of the below 3 cases -
• 1. If he ceases to be a member of the assembly;
• 2. If he resigns by writing to the Deputy Speaker; and
• 3. If he is removed by a resolution passed by a majority of all the members of the assembly. Such a resolution can be moved only after giving 14 days’ advance notice.
• His powers and functions are -
• 1. He maintains order and decorum in the House for conducting its business and regulating its proceedings. This is his main responsibility and he has final power in this regard.
• 2. He is the final interpreter of the provisions of -
• (a) the Constitution of India; 
• (b) the Rules of Procedure and Conduct of Business of Assembly; and
• (c) the parliamentary precedents, within the assembly.
• 3. He adjourns the assembly or suspends the meeting in absence of a quorum.
• 4. He does not vote in the first instance. But he can exercise a ‘casting vote’ in the case of a tie.
• 5. He can allow a ‘secret’ sitting of the House at the request of the Leader of the House.
• 6. He decides whether a bill is a money bill or not and his decision on this question is final.
• 7. He decides the questions of disqualification of a member of the assembly, arising on the ground of defection under the provisions of the Tenth Schedule.
• 8. He appoints the chairmen of all the committees of the assembly and supervises their functioning.
• 9. He himself is the chairman of the Business Advisory Committee, the Rules Committee and the General-Purpose Committee.
• Deputy Speaker of Assembly -
• Deputy Speaker is also elected by the assembly itself from amongst its members.
• He is elected after the election of the Speaker has taken place.
• Deputy Speaker remains in office usually during the life of the assembly.
• However, he also vacates his office earlier in any of the below 3 cases -
• (a) if he ceases to be a member of the assembly;
• (b) if he resigns by writing to the speaker; and
• (c) if he is removed by a resolution passed by a majority of all the then members of the assembly. Such a resolution can be moved only after giving 14 days’ advance notice.
• The Deputy Speaker performs the duties of the Speaker’s office when it is vacant or when Speaker is absent from the sitting of assembly.
• He has all the powers of the Speaker.
• The Speaker nominates from amongst the members a panel of chairmen.
• Any one of them can preside over the assembly in the absence of the Speaker or the Deputy Speaker.
• He has the same powers as the speaker when presiding.
• He holds office until a new panel of chairmen is nominated.

2.India must convince industry of RCEP’s benefits: Australia     (GS-3)

• CONTEXT:Australia is leading diplomats from various countries involved in the negotiations for the 15-member Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) free trade agreement to convince India to commit to the deal by the end of the year. According to High Commissioner to India Harinder Sidhu, while there is “political will” that goes “right to the top” within the Indian government to go ahead with the FTA, the government’s task is to ensure Indian industry will support the decision.
• Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP):
• The Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) is a proposed free trade agreement (FTA) between the ten member states of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) (Brunei, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, the Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, Vietnam) and the six indo-Pacific states with which ASEAN has existing free trade agreements (China, Japan, South Korea, India, Australia and New Zealand).
• RCEP negotiations were formally launched in November 2012 at the ASEAN Summit in Cambodia.
• In 2017, prospective RCEP member states accounted for a population of 3.4 billion people with a total Gross Domestic Product (GDP, PPP) of $49.5 trillion, approximately 39 percent of the world's GDP, with the combined GDPs of China and India making up more than half that amount.
• RCEP is the world's largest economic bloc, covering nearly half of the global economy. According to estimates by PwC, the Gross Domestic Product (GDP, PPP) of RCEP member states is likely to amount to nearly $250 trillion by 2050, or a quarter of a quadrillion dollars, with the combined GDPs of China and India making up more than 75% of the amount. RCEP's share of the global economy could account for half of the estimated $0.5 quadrillion global (GDP, PPP) by 2050.
• Free trade agreement (FTA) :A free trade agreement (FTA) or treaty is a multinational agreement according to international law to form a free-trade area between the cooperating states. FTAs, a form of trade pacts, determine the tariffs and duties that countries impose on imports and exports with the goal of reducing or eliminating trade barriers, thus affecting international trade. Such agreements usually "center on a chapter providing for preferential tariff treatment", but they also often "include clauses on trade facilitation and rule-making in areas such as investment, intellectual property, government procurement, technical standards and sanitary and phytosanitary issues

3.Railways looking at complete redesign of all future coaches              GS-3

• CONTEXT:The Ministry of Railways is looking at a complete redesign of coaches and even procurement of full train rakes from foreign suppliers, provided they set up their facility here to comply with the ‘Make in India’ policy.
• The move comes amid the Centre’s plans to corporatise production units like the Integral Coach Factory in Chennai, which is the largest coach making facility in the world, Modern Coach Factory in Raebareli, and Rail Coach Factory in Kapurthala.
• Research Designs and Standards Organisation (RDSO):
• The Research Designs & Standards Organisation (RDSO), Hindi: अनुसंधान अभिकल्प एवं मानक संगठन) is an ISO 9001 research and development organisation under the Ministry of Railways of India, which functions as a technical adviser and consultant to the Railway Board, the Zonal Railways, the Railway Production Units, RITES and IRCON International in respect of design and standardization of railway equipment and problems related to railway construction, operation and maintenance

4.Bumpy road for colistin ban rollout     GS-3

• CONTEXT:Implementation of colistin ban will face many a hurdle at the ground-level in State
• Colistin:Colistin, also known as polymyxin E, is an antibiotic produced by certain strains of the bacteria Paenibacillus polymyxa. Colistin is a mixture of the cyclic polypeptides colistin A and B and belongs to the class of polypeptide antibiotics known as polymyxins. Colistin is effective against most Gram-negative bacilli….Major & minor side effects for Colistin
• Burning or tingling sensation of hands and feet.
• Visual disturbances.
• Stomach discomfort and cramps.
• Nausea or Vomiting.
• Weakness of arms, hands, legs or feet.
• Severe difficulty in breathing.
• Confusion.
• Blood in urine and stools.
  
  

SOURCE:THE HINDU

5.Himalayan states demand green bonus, separate ministry                        GS-1,3

• CONTEXT:Himalayan States on Sunday came together at a conclave here(UTRAKHAND) to demand a separate Ministry to deal with problems endemic to them and a green bonus in recognition of their contribution to environment conservation.
• Ten out of 11 States took part at a conclave to take a unanimous stand on the issues.
• ABOUT HIMALYAN STATES IN INDIA:
• The Indian Himalayan Region (IHR) is the section of the Himalayas within India, spanning 11 Indian states (administrative regions) namely, Jammu & Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Sikkim, Arunachal Pradesh and West Bengal of Indian Republic. The region is responsible for providing water to a large part of the Indian subcontinent and contains various flora and fauna.
• The IHR physiographically, starting from the foothills of south (Shivaliks), this mountain range extends up to Tibetan plateau on the north (Trans-Himalaya). Three major geographical entities, the Himadri (greater Himalaya), Himanchal (lesser Himalaya) and the Siwaliks (outer Himalaya) extending almost uninterrupted throughout its length, are separated by major geological fault lines. Mighty but older streams like the Indus, Sutlej, Kali, Kosi and Brahmaputra have cut through steep gorges to escape into the Great Plains and have established their antecedence.

6.Army’s first Integrated Battle Groups to be structured by end of next month       GS-2

• CONTEXT:The new concept of Integrated Battle Groups (IBGs) which the Army plans to create as part of overall force transformation is close to implementation, a senior Army source said. IBGs are brigade-sized, agile, self-sufficient combat formations, which can swiftly launch strikes against adversary in case of hostilities.
• 
  

SOURCE:THE HINDU

7.Conflicting views pervade BRICS Ministers’ meeting                           GS-1,2

• CONTEXT:Fight against terrorism, cooperation in areas of economy and people-to-people exchanges emerged as prominent themes in the one-day meet, the BRICS Foreign Ministers’ gathering on Friday could not have started on a more discordant note.
• BRICS:BRICS is the acronym coined for an association of five major emerging national economies: Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa. Originally the first four were grouped as "BRIC" (or "the BRICs"), before the induction of South Africa in 2010.The BRICS members are known for their significant influence on regional affairs; all are members of G20.Since 2009, the BRICS nations have met annually at formal summits. China hosted the 9th BRICS summit in Xiamen on September 2017, while South Africa hosted the most recent 10th BRICS summit in July 2018. The term does not include countries such as South Korea, Mexico and Turkey for which other acronyms and group associations were later created.

8.It’s time for India and Pakistan to walk the talk      GS-2

• ACCORDING TO THE WRITER  ….Given the various breaches, the Simla Agreement could do with a makeover.
• The Simla Agreement may be somewhat overrated. It could even be dead though we keep referring to it as a guiding light and take shelter behind it. Signed on July 2, 1972, by Prime Minister Indira Gandhi and Pakistan President Zulfikar Ali Bhutto, the Agreement has been observed mainly in its breach. It commits the two countries to “put an end to the conflict and confrontation that have hitherto marred their relations and work for the promotion of a friendly and harmonious relationship and the establishment of durable peace in the sub-continent
• The Simla Agreement :
• The Simla Agreement, or Shimla Agreement, was signed between India and Pakistan on 2 July 1972 in Shimla, the capital city of the Indian state of Himachal Pradesh. It followed from the Bangladesh Liberation war in 1971 that led to the independence of Bangladesh, which was earlier known as East Pakistan and was part of the territory of Pakistan. India entered the war as an ally of Bangladesh which transformed the war into an Indo-Pakistani War of 1971. The agreement was ratified by the Parliaments of both the nations in same year.
• The agreement was the result of resolve of both the countries to "put an end to the conflict and confrontation that have hitherto marred their relations". It conceived the steps to be taken for further normalisation of mutual relations and it also laid down the principles that should govern their future relations/

9.Governing India through fiscal math               GS-3

• ACCORDING TO THE WRITER:A focus on fiscal deficit reduction alone is not sound economic management. The revenue deficit must be in the picture
• a concern for the size of the fiscal deficit would have been inevitable since the enactment of the Fiscal Responsibility and Budget Management Bill in 2003, and has therefore been on the radar of political parties of all persuasions at the Centre, it has been raised to special significance since 2014. It figured in the most recent Economic Survey, and its anticipated magnitude for 2019-20 was the final statement in the Budget speech that had followed
• ABOUT FISCAL DEFICIT:
• What is meant by fiscal deficit?
• A fiscal deficit occurs when a government's total expenditures exceed the revenue that it generates, excluding money from borrowings. Deficit differs from debt, which is an accumulation of yearly deficits. ... For example, economist John Maynard Keynes believed that deficits help countries climb out of economic recession.
• What happens when fiscal deficit?
• Fiscal Deficit increases the money supply in the economy as government borrowings increases. ... Inflation occurs due to an imbalance between demand and supply of money, changes in production and distribution cost or increase in taxes on products.
• What causes fiscal deficit?
• A government budget deficit occurs when government spending outpaces revenue. Deficits are also caused from a decline in revenue due to an economic contraction such as a recession or depression. ... The United States government has a long history of deficit spending.
• ABOUT REVENUE DEFECIT:
• A revenue deficit occurs when realized net income is less than the projected net income. This happens when the actual amount of revenue and/or the actual amount of expenditures do not correspond with budgeted revenue and expenditures
• What is difference between revenue deficit and fiscal deficit?
• Fiscal deficit acts as an indicator of the total borrowings needed by the government. Revenue deficit arises when the government's actual net receipts are lower than the expected receipts. ... Government tries to increase its receipts from various sources of tax and non-tax revenue to control revenue deficit.

10.Hong Kong protesters rally to Beijing office

GS-2

CONTEXT:The Hong Kong police clashed with thousands of protesters on Sunday, as they sought to defend China’s main representative of­ fi??ce from crowds seething over what many see as an increasing cycle of violence against them.
ABOUT HONG KONG PROTEST:



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